Transcript earthquakes
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. THE PHILIPPINES. PART 1: EARTHQUAKES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE THE PHILIPPINES’ COMMUNITIES AT RISK EARTHQUAKES GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TYPHOONS FLOODS LANDSLIDES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE THE PHILIPPINES SEISMICITY MAP EARTHQUAKES EARTHQUAKES OCCUR FREQUENTLY IN THE PHILIPPINES AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX INTERACTIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE AND EURASIAN PLATES THE PHILIPPINES PLATE CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) EARTHQUAKES “DISASTER LABORATORIES” IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP POOR DETAILING AND WEAK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS EARTHQUAKE RISK •QUAKE HAZARDS •BLDG. INVENTORY •VULNERABILITY •LOCATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK PHILIPPINES’ GOAL: EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE COMMUNITIES POLICY OPTIONS HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS • PREPAREDNESS •PROTECTION •EARLY WARNING •EMERGENCY RESPONSE •RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION SOME OF THE PHILIPPINES’ NOTABLE EARTHQUAKE EXPERIENCES AUGUST 16, 1976 JULY 16, 1990 AUGUST 31, 2012 THE MINDANAO EARTHQUAKE AND GULF OF MORO TSUNAMI The Philippines’ Worst Earthquake/Tsunami Disaster M7.9 AUGUST 16, 1976 LOCATION THE EARTHQUAKE • Occurring at night when schools and offices were closd, the fatalities were relatively low (about 800) despite extensive damage to buildings due to poor construction and/or inadequate foundations. • Bridges and roads in Mindanao and the city of Cotobato were damaged. COTOBATO: DAMAGED BRIDGE Unfortunately, there was no time for the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center to issue a warning before a large local tsunami struck the region just minutes after the earthquake, THE GULF OF MORO TSUNAMI • The destructive tsunami generated in the Gulf of Moro and in the Celebes Sea killed about 90 percent of the estimated 8,000 total fatalities, hitting peope in coastal communities in North and South Zamboanga, North and South Lanao, North Cotabato, Maguindanao and Sultan Kudarat (Mindanao), and in the neighboring Sulu Islands. THE LUZON EARTHQUAKE M7.8 JULY 16, 1990 4:26 pm LOCATION http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Luzon _earthquake OCCURRENCE • The earthquake occurred on the Philippine fault system, a wellknown strike-slip fault zone. • The rupture produced a 125 kmlong surface scarp stretching from Dingalan, Aurora to Cuvapo, Nueva Eciia. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES • PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE. Baguio City was isolated from the rest of the Philippines for 48 hours after the quake. BAGUIO CITY: DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS • Baguio City, a popular tourist destination, situated about 1,500 m (1 mile) above sea level, was among the areas hardest hit by the earthquake. • The collapsed and damaged buildings in Baguio City included hotels, factories, government and university buildings, and homes..[ HYATT TERACES HOTEL: 80 DEAD BAGUIO CITY: DAMAGE TO LIFELINE SYSTEMS • Electric, water and communication lines were destroyed. • Kennon Road, the main vehicular route to Baguio, as well as other access routes to the mountain city, were shut down by landslides FATALITIES • An estimated 1,621 people were killed in the earthquake, with most of the fatalities located in the Central Luzon and Cordillera region M7.6 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES 140 KM FROM SAMAR PROVINCE ON EAST COAST OF THE PHILIPPINES 34 KM DEEP 8:47 PM AUGUST 31, 2012 LOCATION MAP THE PHILIPPINES’ RENATO SOLIDUM POINTS TO EPICENTER LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES • PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE GROUND SHAKING IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE. CAGAYAN DE ORO: A COLLAPSED HOUSE DAMAGED ROAD DAMAGED ROAD LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NATURAL HAZARDS • CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS • Wide spread power outages occurred in Samar Province • One person was killed when a landslide engulfed the home in Cagayan de Oro City. THE PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER ISSUED A TSUNAMI WARNING, WHICH WAS LIFTED AFTER 2 HOURS LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NATURAL HAZARDS • CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.