Transcript Aim #79 - Manhasset Schools

Date: May 6, 2016
Aim #79: How do scientists classify living organisms?
Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook
Date
Title of Activity
5/6
Page #
121
HW:
1)Evolution Test Monday 5/9 and Tuesday 5/10
2)Unit 7e due Friday, May 13th
• Do not forget Castle Learning!!
• Human Phys. Fridays 
Aim #79: How do scientists classify living
organisms?
1) What is Taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that involves the
identification, naming, and classification of species.
The modern classification
system is based on
structural similarities and
evolutionary relationships.
The modern system of classification now contains
five major groups called Kingdoms.
2) What are the subcategories?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
“General to
Specific”
King Phillip Come Out For Goodness Sake
3) How do scientists universally name
organisms?
They use what Linnaeus referred to as:
Binomial nomenclature
Homo sapien
Felis feline
Genus & species
Canis familaris
4) Three Domain System:
The “Domain” is a larger category than the “Kingdom”.
5a) Kingdom Monera
Which are single-celled prokaryotes
(bacteria).
Characteristics:
1)No nucleus
2)No membrane enclosed organelles
3)Have cell walls (peptidoglycan)
4)Some are pathogenic (cause us
harm)
b) Kingdom Monera
Shapes:
1)Coccus – round-shaped
2)Bacillus – rod-shaped
3) Spirillus – spiral-shaped
c) Types of Monera:
Monera
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Obligate
Facultative
Obligate Anaerobes - oxygen is poisonous.
Facultative Anaerobes - oxygen will not kill them.
d) Cyanobacteria:
Are bacteria that carry out
photosynthesis (produce
oxygen).
Bacteria are the most populous organisms on earth!
6) Kingdom Protista
Eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi are
classified as protists. Most are unicellular. They are
very diverse organisms.
Types of Protists:
Protists
Protozoans
Slime Molds
Euglenoids
Heterotrophs
Fungus-like
Heterotrophs
Autotrophs
Amoeba
Paramecium
Algae
Euglena
b) Protozoans:
Amoeba
Heterotrophic, shapeless
organism that moves by
pseudopods & engulfs
food by phagocytosis.
Paramecium
Heterotroph that
Moves around by using
tiny hair-like projections
known as cilia.
Have contractile
vacuoles!
c) Slime Molds:
They resemble fungi
because they come
together as a unit
(looking like a
multicelled organism)
& form spores.
Are fungus like organisms that are heterotrophs, which
Live off dead organic matter and bacteria.
d) Euglenoids:
Euglena
Photosynthetic protist with
chloroplasts & a flagellum for
movement.
Green Algae
A group of photosynthetic
protists.
7) Kingdom Fungi:
Characteristics:
1)Are eukaryotic heterotrophs
2)Have hyphae which are tiny
threads of cytoplasm surrounded
by a plasma membrane and a cell
wall.
3) Mycelium are branches of the
hyphae that form an interwoven
mat. The branching mycelium
enables the fungus to obtain food
by absorptive nutrition.
b) Reproduction of Fungi:
Fungi reproduce by releasing large numbers of
microscopic spores. Spores are haploid single cells
with thick cell walls that can withstand unfavorable
conditions for long periods of time.
Most fungi produce spores asexually
at the tips of specialized hyphae.
c) Sexual Reproduction of Fungi:
Haploid hyphae fuse together and combine their genetic
material. Eventually, diploid cells resulting from these
pairing undergo meiosis. These meiotic divisions
produce haploid spores.
d) Types of Fungi:
Mushrooms
Yeast (unicellular)
Molds
8) Lichens:
A union between fungi
and either algae or
cyanobacteria.