Transcript How do we classify organisms?

Introduction to Classification
Why do we classify things?
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To organize
To see relationships between
organisms
How do we classify things?
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By grouping things according to similar
traits or characteristics
How do we classify organisms?
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Taxonomy – science of classification
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We classify organisms into 5 Kingdoms
– Monera, Protists, Fungi, Animal, Plant
What are the levels of
classification?
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Kingdom Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species -
Largest group – fewest traits
in common
Smallest group – all traits in
common
How can we remember
this?
 Kingsize
Potato Chips Often
Form Grease Stains
 King
Philip Came Over From
Germany Swimming
What is a scientific name?
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Name used to identify an organism
Binomial – 2 names
Example:
Common
Name
Human
Genus
Species
Homo
Sapien
Dog
Canis
Familiaris
What is Binomial
Nomenclature?
Two Name – Naming System
 Genus and Species Names
 First letter of each name:
 Genus – Capitalize
 Species – lower case
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What are the Five
Kingdoms?
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Monera
Protists
Fungi
Animal
Plant
Summary
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Why do scientists classify things?
How are organisms classified?
What is a scientific name?
What is binomial nomenclature?
What are the 7 levels of classification?
What are the 5 Kingdoms?
What is the science of classification?
Kingdom Monera
What is a Monera?
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A single-celled organism which lacks a
Nucleus!
What are some Monerans?
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Some Examples of monerans are:
– Bacteria
– Blue-green bacteria
How are Monera Named?
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Monera are named based on their
shape. There are three shapes
– Round – “cocci”
– Rod shaped – “bacilli”
– Spiral – “spirilli”
How are Monerans
helpful?
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Monerans are helpful in many ways:
– Decomposers in the environment.
– Feed on dead organisms and wastes.
– Produce foods like yogurt.
– Help in digestion.
How are Monerans
Harmful?
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Some monerans can be harmful by:
– Causing disease.
– Make foods spoil.
Protist Kingdom
What is a Protist?
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A protist is a Single-celled organism
which has a nucleus!
There are 2 groups:
– Algae and
– Protozoa.
What are Algae?
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Algae are Plant-like protists
They can photosynthesize.
Some examples of Algae are:
– Diatoms and
– Spyrogyra.
What are Protozoa?
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Animal-like protists.
Protozoa can move and must injest
food to survive.
Some examples of Protozoa are:
– Amoeba
– Paramecium and
– Euglena.
How do Protists move?
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Protists move using a few different
techniques:
– Pseudopods – False feet.
– Flagella – Long hair, whiplike.
– Cilia – Small hairs
– Some have No movement and use air and
water to get around.
Amoeba
Euglena
Paramecium
Protists can perform all
life processes.
How do Protists Reproduce?
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Protists reproduce through
Mitosis (fission).
How do Protists get
energy?
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Protists get their energy by doing
respiration in their Mitochondria.
How do Protists get
nutrients?
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Protists get food and water through
transport (passive/active) across the
cell membrane.
How do Protists excrete
wastes?
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Wastes are released through the cell
membrane.
Fungi Kingdom
What are Fungi?
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Single-celled (Yeast) or
Multi-celled (mushrooms, mold)
organisms.
Have Nucleus and cell walls.
NO Chloroplasts!
What are some examples
of Fungi?
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Yeast
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Mold
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Mushrooms
How do Fungi Eat?
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Fungi release digestive enzymes into
their food source through hyphae
(hair-like “root” structures) and
digested material is then absorbed.
How do Fungi Reproduce?
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Yeast – do budding (Mitosis)
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Mushroom and Mold – Produce spores
Plant Kingdom
What are Plants?
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Multi-cellular organisms.
Can Photosynthesize (make their own
food).
Have cell walls.
Can Not move.
Plants Contain many
specialized tissues/organs.
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What are the Parts?
– Roots – Anchor the plant, absorb water,
store food.
– Leaves – Produce food through
Photosynthesis.
– Stems – support plant.
– Bark – protects stem cells.
– Vascular tissue – transports food and
water.
How do Plants Reproduce?
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Asexually - through vegetative
propagation (root and Leaf cuttings).
Sexually – with cones and flowers.
Animal Kingdom
What is an animal?
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Multi-cellular organism.
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Can move.
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Can Not make own food.
How are animals Classified?
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Animals are classified into two main
groups.
– Invertebrates and
– Vertebrates.
Two Main groups of
Animals.
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Invertebrates – Lacks an internal
skeleton (No Backbone).
Vertebrates – Have an internal
skeleton (Have Backbone).
– Vertebrates can be either warm or coldblooded.
Vertebrate Catagories
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Cold-blooded – Use environment to
get body heat.
– Ex: Snails, bees, jellyfish, worms.
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Warm-blooded – Can produce own
body heat and maintain constant body
temperature.
– Ex: Birds, Mammals (Humans).
Non-cellular Kingdom
What is a Virus?
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A Virus is a non-living particle which
contains material for reproduction
(DNA).
Is it Alive?
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NO, because they do not perform all
of the life functions.
What do Viruses do?
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Viruses reproduce themselves with the
help of a host cell.
The virus duplicates inside the host
cell.
The host cell then bursts and dies.
How do Viruses cause
disease?
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Disease comes from the infected and
dead cells.
Viruses are considered Parasites
because they damage host cells.
Virus Reproducing
How do Viruses look?