Transcript OBJECTIVE 4.0

OBJECTIVE 4.0
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. ARISTOTLE- TWO GROUPS: LIVING /
NONLIVING
2. LINNAEUS- GAVE TWO PART
SCIENTIFIC NAME
A. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE=“TWO
NAMES”
B. BASED ON OBSERVABLE TRAITS
3. SCIENTIFIC NAME=
A. GENUS (CAPITALIZED) AND
SPECIES (NO CAPS)
4. TWO WAYS TO DEAL WITH
GROUPINGA. CLASSIFICATION= ARRANGING
INTO GROUPS BASED ON
SIMILARITIES
B. TAXONOMY= THE “SCIENCE” OF
NAMING AND CLASSIFYING
ORGANISMS
5. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE= A WAY
FOR ALL SCIENTISTS TO KNOW
WHAT ORGANISM IS BEING
DISCUSSED
A. USE THE SCIENTIFIC NAME (Genus
species)
6. CLASSIFICATION=
A. DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM,
CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS,
AND SPECIES
(Did King Phillip Call Out For Great
Spaghetti)
b. 6 KINGDOMS BASED ON:CELL TYPE,
ABILITY TO MAKE FOOD, AND
NUMBER OF BODY CELLS
7. BACTERIA- BOTH TYPES
A. PROKARYOTES (NO NUCLEUS)
B. EXTREMELY SMALL
C. SINGLE CELLED ORGANISMS
D. 2 GROUPS= ARCHAEBACTERIA AND
EUBACTERIA
8. KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
- LIVES IN “EXTREME” ENVIRONMENTS
(TOO HOT,TOO COLD,TOO SALTY)
- MEANS “ANCIENT BACTERIA”
9. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
- PRODUCERS= HAVE CHLOROPHYLL
TO “PRODUCE” FOOD
- DECOMPOSERS= BREAK DOWN DEAD
/ DECAYING ORGANISMS
- PARASITES= HARM THE ORGANISM
(HOST) THEY LIVE IN
- HELPFUL= NITROGEN FIXING
- PATHOGEN (HARMFUL)= CAUSE A
DISEASE
10. KINGDOM PROTISTIA
- SINGLE CELLED OR SIMPLE
MULTICELLULAR
- EUKARYOTE (DO HAVE NUCLEUS)
- THREE GROUPS= FUNGUS-LIKE,
ANIMAL-LIKE, AND PLANT-LIKE
11. FUNGUS-LIKE:
A. HETEROTROPHS (CAN NOT MAKE
FOOD)
B. HAVE CELL WALLS
C. USE SPORES TO REPRODUCE
D. EXAMPLE=
SLIME MOLD: BRILLIANT
COLORS, START SMALL BUT
GET LARGE, AND MOVE
12. ANIMAL-LIKE:
A. HETEROTROPHS
B. MOST MOVE TO GET FOOD
C. PROTOZOA= UNICELLULAR
D. EXAMPLE=
AMOEBA:MOVE WITH
PSEUDOPODS “FALSE FEET”
OR A TEMPORARY BULGE IN
THE CELL
PARAMECIUM:MOVE WITH CILIA OR
HAIRLIKE PROJECTIONS
13. PLANT-LIKE (ALGAE):
A. AUTOTROPHS (MAKE OWN FOOD)
B. MAKE MOST OXYGEN IN
ATMOSPHERE
C. UNICELLULAR
D. VARRIOUS COLORS
E. EXAMPLE=
EUGLENA: MOSTLY IN FRESH
WATER, MOVE WITH FLAGELLA
(LONG WHIP-LIKE TAIL),
EYESPOT WITH PIGMENT TO
SENSE LIGHT
14. KINGDOM FUNGI
A. EUKARYOTES WITH CELL WALLS
BUT NO CHLOROPLASTS
B. HETEROTROPHS (ABSORB FOOD)
C. USE SPORES TO REPRODUCE
D. DECOMPOSERS
E. HYPHAE= BRANCHING THREADLIKE TUBES THAT MAKE UP THE
BODY (TIGHTLY PACKED)
F. MYCILIUM= UNDERGROUND
HYPHAE (LOOSELY PACKED)
G. REPRODUCE WITH SPORES= TINY
CELL THAT IS ABLE TO GROW INTO
A NEW ORGANISM
H. COMPLEX MULTICELLULAR EXCEPT
YEAST CELLS (THEY ARE SINGLE
CELLED)
I. NONMOVERS
J. EXAMPLES:
MUSHROOMS- GOOD TO EAT
(CLUB FUNGI)
MOLDS- USED IN SOME FOODS
(ZYGOTE FUNGI)
YEAST- USE TO MAKE BREAD (SAC
FUNGI)
L. LICHEN= A FUNGUS AND AN ALGAE
OR A FUNGUS AND AN
AUTROTROPHIC BACTERIA THAT
LIVE TOGETHER
- “PIONEER ORGANISM” BECAUSE
THEY COME UP FIRST IN A
NEW AREA
15. KINGDOM PLANTAE
A. MULTICELLULAR
B. EUKARYOTES THAT MAKE FOOD
MOSTLY BY PHOTOSYNETHESIS
C. DIVIDED INTO DIVISION NOT PHYLA
D. AUTOTROPHS (MAKE FOOD) “SELFFEEDERS”
E. HETEROTROPHS(GET FOOD)
“OTHER FEEDERS”
F. PRODUCERS= AUTOTROPHS
G. CONSUMERS= HETEROTROPHS
H. PHOTOSYNTHESIS= A PROCESS
WHERE A CELL CAPTURES
ENERGY FROM THE SUN AND USES
IT TO MAKE FOOD
CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + LIGHT ENERGY = GLUCOSE + WATER
16. KINGDOM ANIMALIA
A. MULTICELLULAR
B. REPRODUCE SEXUALLY OR
ASEXULALLY
C. DISTINCT BODY PARTS THAT DO
DIFFERENT THINGS
D. THEY MOVE
E. CAN NOT MAKE OWN FOOD