Transcript Diversity of Modern Life

5 Kingdoms
Kingdom Monera (“Monerans”)
•Smallest and simplest
lifeforms
•Unicellular (one-celled)
•no nucleus
•Bacteria and cyanobacteria
Bacteria
•Three basic shapes:
•round (cocci)
•rod (bacilli)
•spiral (spirilli)
Kingdom Protista(“Protists”)
•Single-celled or multicellular
•more complex than organisms
in Kingdom Monera
•nucleus
•protozoans (animal-like)
•algae (plant-like)
Protozoans
•Kingdom Protista
•no cell wall or chlorophyll
•internal digestion
•no locomotion (some)
Algae
•Cell walls
•Chlorophyll
•Photosynthetic
•Placed in groups according to
color and structure
Kingdom Fungi
•Multicellular; complex
•Cell walls, but no chlorophyll
•Live in dark, cold, moist
environments.
•Decomposers
Types of Fungi
•Threadlike fungi (bread mold)
•club fungi (mushrooms)
•sac fungi (yeast and mildew)
Kingdom Plantae
•Multicellular, cell walls, and
chlorophyll
•Largest and longest-living
things on Earth
•Create food through
Photosynthesis
Nonvascular Plants
•CANNOT conduct water
•Example: Moss
•Moist environment
Vascular Plants
•CAN conduct water
•Capable of living in drier areas
Gymnosperms
•Seed plant
•name means “naked seed”
•Most are conifers
Angiosperms -Flowering Plants
• Seed plant
• name means “covered seed”
• Seeds are produced inside ovaries
• A ripened ovary is a fruit
• largest/most diverse plants
Kingdom – Animalia
• Multicellular Organisms
• Lack a Cell Wall
• Heterotrophs
• Divided into sub-phylums:
• Invertebrate
• Vertebrate
Arthropods (invertebrate)
• Largest group of animals
• multiple body segments
• jointed appendages (legs/arms)
• exoskeleton (hard outer covering)
Arthropods (continued)
•Well-developed organs
•insects, lobsters, crabs, and
spiders
• Have backbones
• body with a head and most have
appendages
• endoskeleton (internal skeleton
for support/protection)
Vertebrates (continued)
• Endotherm (warm- blooded); these
organisms can control their body
temperature from within despite
changes in the environment
Vertebrates (continued)
• Ectotherm (cold-blooded); body
temperature changes with the
environment
Jawless fishes
• Ex: Sea lamprey
• mouth is used for sucking fluids; no
appendages (fins)
• flexible skeleton made of cartilage
• ectotherms
Cartilaginous Fishes
• Two pairs of fins; gills
• ectotherms
• strong teeth (sharks)
• SKELETON MADE OF CARTILAGE
• stingrays, skates, sharks
Bony fishes
• Flounder, eels, trout, and others
• SKELETON MADE OF BONE
• streamlined bodies (narrow shape)
• most numerous group of fish
Amphibians
• Frogs, toads, salamanders
• part of their life is spent on land
and part of life is spent in the
water; (ectotherms)
Amphibians
•smooth, moist skin
•gills when they are young and
have lungs as adults
Reptiles
• Adapted to live on land (terrestrial)
• Breathe with lungs
• Body covered with plates or scales
• Ectotherms
Reptiles
•Dinosaurs
•Turtles, snakes, lizards,
crocodiles, and alligators
•lay eggs in a leathery shell
Birds
•Bodies adapted for flight (light,
bones, feathers, and wings)
•Scaly legs and feet
•lay eggs in a hard shell
•endotherms
Mammals
•Advanced nervous system; highly
developed brain
•Endotherms
•Hairy bodies
•can occupy several habitats
•give birth to live young; produce
milk mammary glands