Transcript Protists and Fungi

Protists and Fungi
By: Mr. Hunter
Protists
What do all protozoa have in
common?
 Eukaryotic
 Range from single to multi-cellular
 Highly diverse
 Do not have specialized tissues for
functions
What do all protists have in
common?
 Use many methods of getting food
(some even use photosynthesis;
some are heterotrophs; some are
parasites)
 Reproduce sexually (conjugation) and
asexually (binary fission)
Sexual Reproduction of
Paramecium
Classification of Protists
 Heterotrophs that can move
 Heterotrophs that cannot move
 Producers
Protist Producers- Algae
 Algae make food through
photosynthesis.
 Examples: seaweed, phytoplankton
Seaweed & Phytoplankton
Type of
Algae
Size
Location
How does
the algae
get its
food?
Describe
 Diatoms
 Dinoflagellates
 Euglenoids
Heterotrophs that can move
 Amoeba
 Zooflagellates
 Ciliates
Amoeba
Amoebic Dysentery
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Amoebiasis is an infectious disease caused by a one-celled
parasite called Entamoeba histolytica, which causes both
intestinal and extraintestinal infections.
Two species of Entamoeba are morphologically
indistinguishable: Entamoeba histolytica is pathogenic and
Entamoeba dispar harmlessly colonizes the colon. Amoebas
adhere to and kill the cells of the colon and cause dysentery
with blood and mucus in the stool.
Amoebas also secrete substances called proteases that
degrade lining of the colon and permit invasion into the
bowel wall and beyond. Amoebas can spread via the
circulation to the liver and cause liver abscesses. The
infection may spread further by direct extension from the
liver or through the bloodstream to the lungs, brain, and
other organs.
Mild early symptoms
Weight loss
Anaemia
Indigestion
Intermittent diarrhoea with foul-smellingstool that may
be preceded by constipation.
Dehydration
Blood and mucus in the stool.
Gas and Abdominal Bloating
Abdominal cramps and tenderness
Fever
Fatigue
Chills
Zooflagellates
 Giardia Lamblia
 Termite Gut
(Mutualism)
Heterotrophs that CAN’T move
 Spore-forming protists
 Complicated life cycles that involve
two or more hosts
 Ex. Malaria
Malaria
 500 million people contract malaria
each year and 2.7 million people die
from it each year.
 Infection with malaria parasites may
result in a wide variety of symptoms,
ranging from absent or very mild
symptoms to severe disease and even
death.
The classical (but rarely
observed) malaria attack lasts
6-10 hours. It consists of:
 a cold stage (sensation of cold,
shivering)
 a hot stage (fever, headaches,
vomiting; seizures in young children)
 and finally a sweating stage (sweats,
return to normal temperature,
tiredness)
Symptoms
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Fever
Chills
Sweats
Headaches
Nausea and vomiting
Body aches
General malaise.
Water Molds
 Water molds live in water, soil or
other organisms
 Decomposers and parasites
Slime molds
 Only move at certain times during
their life cycles
 Use pseudopodia to move and to eat
bacteria and yeast
 Spores- reproductive cells covered by
a thick wall
Slime Mold In An Aquarium
Slime Mold
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Heterotroph
Parasite
Host
Red Algae
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Phytoplankton
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Euglenoids
Amoebas
Psuedopodia
Zooflagellates
Ciliates
Spore-forming protists
Water molds
Slime molds
The World Without Fungi
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No leavened bread
No penicillin
No blue cheese
No mushrooms
Collections of dead organic matter
No soy sauce
No beer
No athlete’s feet
What are characteristics of
fungi?
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophs
Rigid cell walls
Diverse shapes, methods of obtaining
food
 Various modes of reproduction
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Hyphae
 Long, nonreproductive filaments
Mycelium
 The mass
of fungal
filaments,
or hyphae,
that forms
the body of
a fungus
Asexual Reproduction in
Fungus
 Hyphae break apart and each new
piece becomes a fungus
 Spore formation
Spores are small reproductive cells that
are protected by a thick cell wall that
grow into a new fungus.
Sexual Reproduction in Fungi
 Special structures form to make sex
cells that join to produce sexual
spores that grow into a new fungus.
Shape Sex.
Descri Detail
Or
ption s
Asex.?
Threa
dlike
Sac
Club
Imperf
ect
Drawi
ng
Threadlike
 Fuzzy (mold)
 Asexually: sporangia break open and
release spores into the air
 Sexually: hyphae join up
 Details: parasites, live in the soil,
decomposers
Threadlike Fungi
 The mold of the genus Pilobolus
grows on animal manure.
 This mold produces little sacs of
spores on top of stalked structures
that swell, and sacs are shot up 8
meters into the air!!!
Threadlike fungi
 Their spores adhere to grass and
leaves.
 Animals eat the leaves, the spores
pass through their digestive tracts,
and end up in dung where the spores
germinate.
Bread Box Nightmares
 White bread
 Wheat bread
 20 drops of water
 20 drops of sugar water
 20 drops of lemon juice
Match up the words correctly
and use each pair in an
accurate sentence.
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Threadlike fungi
Sac fungi
Club fungi
Ascus
Gills
Sporangia
Intriguing Fungi
 Mushrooms consist mostly of water.
 Shiitake mushrooms were thought to
promote good health by the people of
ancient China.
 They were correct since these
mushrooms are rich in Fe, P, Ca and
protein.
Shiitake Mushrooms
World’s Largest Fungus?
 A fungus that covered an area of 4
square kilometers and weighed nearly
1,000 tons that is 1,000 years old
was found in Seattle, Washington!
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 Bread, beer, wine
 Genetic manipulation
 Molecular and cellular biology
experiments
Fungi
 Fungi are the major cause of plant
diseases.
 At least 5,000 kinds of fungi attack
crops, garden plants, and wild plants.
 Ringworm
Ringworm
Lichens
 Lichen: a combination of a fungus
and an alga that grow together in a
mutualistic relationship
 How is this relationship mutualistic?
 How are lichens important?