Transcript Chemistry Review & Organic Chemistry

Chemistry Review & Organic
Chemistry
Isotopes
Isotopes
• Archaeological Dating
– Carbon-14 can be used to
determine how long ago the
organism died
• Smoke Detectors
– Americium-241
– can detect smoke from
fire early
Isotopes
• Food Irradiation
– Cobalt-60 is used to irradiate
bacteria on food
• Medicinal Uses
– To detect location of
diseased tissue for
specific treatment
– Thallium-201 used for
stress test to detect
blood-starved heart
tissue
Intra Molecular Bonds
A. Ionic Bonds:
B. Covalent
• Non-polar Covalent
Polar Covalent Bonds
Why does this happen?
Ionic versus Covalent Bonding
Ionic
• Metal cation + non-metal
anion
Covalent
• 2 neutral non-metal atoms
Intermolecular Bonds
A. Dipole-dipole bonds
B. Hydrogen bonds
C. London Forces
- Weakest intermolecular force
Why is ice less dense than water?
Water Molecule Structure
-Properties of water exist because of its molecular structure
High Surface Tension
Liquid at Room Temperature
High light transmission
• Colourless substance
Strong Cohesive Properties & High Tensile
Strength
The Versatile Solvent
• “like” molecules
dissolve in “like”
molecules
• Polar molecules =
• Non-polar molecules =
High Specific Heat Capacity
Biological Structures
DNA
Carbohydrates
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ALKANES
ALKENES
QUESTIONS
•
•
Alkanes are considered to be saturated,
while alkenes and alkynes are considered to
be unsaturated. Looking at the diagrams
what is the difference between a saturated
molecule and an unsaturated molecule?
Have you heard of saturated and
unsaturated molecules before? Where can
you find them in your diet?
CYCLIC
AROMATICS
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
• Electronegative atoms like O, N, F that are on
a hydrocarbon
• How would such a group change the
properties of the molecule?
1-pentanol