Transcript Chemistry
Chemistry Of Life Of Cells Of Ch. 2 Prefix and Suffix List • Di = Two • Lyt = dissolvable • Glyc = Sweet • Poly = Many • Mono = One • Sacchar = sugar • Lip = Fat • Syn= together Chemistry Review - Elements • Pure substance made up of only one kind of atom • 90 occur naturally • 25 essential to life: O, C, H, N – 0= 65%, C=18.5%, H=9.5%, N=3.2% • Atom: smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means. Chemistry Review Atoms • Three major parts. (Pg24) – Protons: Positive Charge. Inside Nucleus – Neutrons: Neutral Charge. Inside Nucleus: – Electrons: Negative Charge. Outside Nucleus • 2 electrons in first shell • 8 electrons in the second shell • Eight is Great! Will not React with other atoms. • If the outer shell is not full it will react. Models of atom showing location of protons, neutrons, and electrons Atomic structure of several elements Combining Chemicals Periodic Table Bonding • Compound: When two or more different elements combine. • Hydrogen Bond: H2O – When hydrogen bonds with a highly electronegative atom (O or N). Creates a polar molecule. • Covalent bond: CO2 – When atoms on the same side of the chart (same size) bond. Share electrons. • Can be polar or nonpolar • Both Hydrogen and Covalent bonds form molecules, ionic bonds do not. Ionic/ Covalent Bonds Example of a chemical reaction Combining Chemicals continued • Ionic Bonds: When atoms on different sides of the chart (different size) bond. Steal electrons. Create Ions • Ion: Charged particle either negative or positive. • NaCl = table salt Ionic Bonding Covalent bond formation Checkpoint • What are the meanings of atomic number, mass number, ion and molecule? • What is the significance of the valence (outer) shell of an atom? • Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding. Solution • A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance. • Solute: smaller word, smaller thing • Solvent: bigger word, bigger thing The Importance of Water • Polar molecule (it has a negative and positive charge.) – Can dissolve both Ionic and Polar-Covalent molecules • Surface Tension – Cohesion: Sticks to itself. – Adhesion: Like a band-aid. Sticks to stuff • Capillary Action: Climbs up thin tubes Organic Compounds: All organic compounds contain Carbon. • Nucleic Acids: pg. 39 DNA and RNA –Made of nucleotides: Sugar, Phosphate, and a Nitrogen Base. A::T, C:::G, U • ATP: energy cells run on. DNA Molecule DNA: Go to Problem ATP Molecule ATP Explained