Transcript Chapters1-3 Prequiz

SPONCH Facts
ELEMENT
ATOMIC
#
ATOMIC
VALENCE
WEIGHT ELECTRONS
COVALENT
BONDS
H hydrogen
1
1
1
1
C carbon
6
12
4
4
N nitrogen
7
14
5
3
O oxygen
8
16
6
2
P phosphorus
15
31
5
3
S sulfur
16
32
6
2
Electronegativity
• The attraction that an atom has for the electrons
shared in a covalent bond
• When an electron moves from a molecule with
lower electronegativity to a molecule with higher
electronegativity, a small amount of energy is
released. This is much less than a quantum and
living systems are able to trap this energy in
chemical bonds.
– Electron Transport Chain
– Photosynthesis
– Cellular Respiration
(+)
(+)
H
H
(-)
O
H(+)--------(-)O
(-)
(-)
H(+)
Hydrogen
bond
Association of two water molecules
H
H
O H--------O
hydrogen
bond
H
H
H
O + H--------O
hydroxide
ion
H+
H
hydronium
ion
H
O
H
hydrogen ion
Disassociation of two water molecules
response to an
increase H+
HCO3-
H2CO3
Carbonic
acid
response
Bicarbonate
to an
ion
decrease H+
H2CO3
+
H+
Hydrogen
ion
CO2 + H2O