Transcript GENETICS
ANTIBIOTICS AND DRUGS The Sites of Activity in a Bacterial Cell for Various Antibiotics The history of chemotherapy starts with Paul Ehrlich • Development of salvarsan to treat syphilis The Disruption of Folic Acid Synthesis by Competitive Inhibition Antibiotics The first Drug to be developed for use in WW2 was Sulfa. Sulfanilamide and other sulfonamides interfere with metabolic reactions Competitive inhibition are drugs as synthesized in lab The discovery of antibiotics began with Fleming • Lysozyme • Penicillin • Florey and Chain Alexander Fleming Fleming’s Lab Penicillin discovered Mold inhibiting Staph World War 2 Destruction of bacteria by antimicrobials Effects of a Beta Lactam antibiotic on a cell Antimicrobials that interfere with Cell wall synthesis All the derivatives from Penicillin G Penicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis Beta-lactam nucleus Semisynthetic Penicillins Role of Penicillinase The Action of Penicillinase on Sodium Penicillin G Cephalosporins also inhibit cell wall synthesis • Resemblance to penicillins • Generations of cephalosoporin Structure of cephalosporin and penicillin Antimicrobials that inhibit protein synthesis How Drug Resistance can Occur Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, erythromycins, clindamycins are another group of drugs that affect protein synthesis Antimicrobial assays Different methods to evaluate the effectiveness of an antimicrobial Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Test Determining the MIC of an antimicrobial MIC dilution tests E-Test Common mechanisms of drug resistance by bacteria Selective advantage of drugresistance in a population How Drug Resistance can Occur Antibiotics have been misused and abuse • Evolving resistance in bacteria • Antibiotic misuse and abused Society Hospitals Livestock feeds Genome of a Mycoplasma