Transcript BMT+Treatment+of+Infectious+Diseasespost

Treatment of Infectious
Diseases
Biomed
Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics
derived from Penicillin fungi.
Penicillin antibiotics were the first drugs that were effective against many
previously serious diseases such as TB, Syphilis, and staph infections.
Penicillin kills bacteria by interfering with
the ability to synthesize cell wall. In this
sequence, Escherichia coli were incubated
in penicillin for 30 minutes. The bacteria
lengthen, but cannot divide. Eventually the
weak cell wall ruptures (last panel).
http://www.cellsalive.com/pen.htm
Antibiotics
Chemicals that kill the bacteria cells-but do not
affect the cells that make up your body.
Many antibiotics interrupt the machinery inside
bacterial cells that builds the cell wall.
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Human cells do not contain this machinery, so they
are unaffected.
Different antibiotics work on different parts of
bacterial machinery, so each one is more or less
effective on specific types of bacteria.
Antibacterial or antibiotics
Vancomycin, cephalosporins and penicllin
interfere with cell wall synthesis
Erythromycin and tetracycline disrupt protein
synthesis at the ribosome
Sulfonamides interfere with DNA synthesis
by mimicking naturally-occurring building
materials
Chloramphenicol, tetraclilnies,
erythromycins
Toxic when :


Used in high doses
For prolonged periods
Rifampin
What is Rifampin?
Rifampin (RMP) is an antibiotic
medicine used to treat
tuberculosis (TB). There are two
ways it is used:
To cure TB disease (when taken
with other medicines)
To treat inactive (latent) TB in
some situations
The TB germs are very strong and
are hard to get rid of. You will
need to take this medicine for 6 to
12 months in order to kill all the
TB bacteria and cure TB disease.
Your doctor will decide exactly
how many months you will take
the medicine.
Antiviral drugs
Highly infectious to
host cells

because
Viruses use the host’s
metabolic enzymes in
reproduction
Anti viral drugs:
Target virus-specific
enzymes
Acyclovir
Treats (not cures)
genital herpes
Amantadine
Used to prevent or
control influenza
AZT
Inhibits replication of
HIV genome
http://www.nyscience.org/whatabou
taids/whatcan/lifecycle/content.html
HIV, like all viruses, is a simple form of
life- a few genes wrapped in a protective
shell. Those genes are the instructions for
making new viruses. Outside a cell, the
HIV virus can't reproduce itself, or even
stay alive; but when the HIV virus invades
a living cell, it turns the cell into a virus
factory. In time, thousands of new viruses
burst out and go on to infect other cells
with HIV.
Drugs used to treat:
Fungal, Protozoan,
Helminthes diseases
ARE HIGHLY TOXIC
TO MAMMALS
Bind to human
sterols, such as
cholesterol
Binding to cholesterol
in renal epithelial cells
accounts for the high
nephrotoxicity
Azole:
Derivatives inhibit
sterol synthesis
Amphotericin B
Disrupts cell membrane
Creates a hole in the cell
membrane allowing
contents to leak out
This change in osmolarity
ultimately kills the cell
different areas of the
body, such as the brain or
kidney, are affected
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/h
ospital/hazards/tb/tb.html
Antimicrobial resistance
Is an ongoing problem in the fight against
infectious diseases
PCN resistance notes as early as 1943
Mycobacterium tuberculosis – some
strains resistant to all drugs
Resistance to antibiotics – result of
changes in genetic information
Fungal infections
If you decide to take oral
antifungal drugs, be aware that
there are rare but serious side
effects associated with their
use.
Can cause dangerous drug
interactions, liver damage, and
liver and heart failure.
You have to undergo blood
testing every four to six weeks
during treatment.
Minor side effects include
headache, stomach upset,
diarrhea, itchiness, and
rashes.
Systemic antifungal drugs may
cause serious and possibly
life-threatening liver damage