Transcript Antibiotics - The SC EBS

Antibiotics
Antibiotic
Antibiotics - Introduction
• Selective toxicity - kills or stops growth
of bacteria w/o damaging the host
(human body)
• Bacteria - unicellular microorganisms must rely on host for nourishment
– Most harmful
– Some needed effects
• Most bacteria destroyed by immune
system
Antibiotics - Types
• Broad Spectrum - useful on a wide
variety of bacteria
• Narrow Spectrum - useful on only a few
varieties of bacteria
Antibiotics - Mechanism of
Action
1. Inhibit cell wall synthesis & function
– decrease rigidity of cell wall - cause it to
burst
• Examples
– (Penicillin)
– (Amoxicillin)
– (Cephalosporins, Cephalexin) Keflex
– Bacitracin
**high occurrence of allergic reactions
Antibiotics - Mechanism of
Action
2. Inhibits protein synthesis by attaching
to ribosomes
– kills bacteria or slows growth
• Examples
– (Tetracycline)
– (Erythromycin)
– (Azithromycin) Z-pack, Zithromax
Antibiotics - Mechanism of
Action
3. Inhibit bacterial DNA/RNA synthesis
– affects structure, function, & synthesis of
DNA - can’t reproduce
• Examples
– (Ciproflaxin) Cipro
– (Sulfadiazine) Silvadene
– (Sulfa)
Resistance to Antibiotic Drugs
• Bacteria develop natural or acquired
resistance to antibiotics - allows
bacteria to survive
• What can be done????
Antiviral
• Virus – intracellular parasites, lack cell
wall & cell membranes; don’t have
metabolic processes
• Antiviral medicines treat Influenza A & B
and RSV
• Examples:
– (Famiclor) Famvir
– (Zanamivir) Relenza
– (Oseltamivir phosphate) Tamiflu