Transcript 5抗生素的前世今生与未来发展1

The history and future
development of antibiotic
Wang Yuxia
Outline
1. The history / discovery
2. Function and classify
3. Production, producer, medium
4. Future development, trends
1. 1 The definition
Change of definition
Original definition
Antibiotic is a kind of chemical substance
produced by microorganism, which can kill,
inhibit or disturb other microorganism.
抗生素是一种微生物产生的、能抑制或干扰其他
微生物生长、甚至杀死它种微生物的一种化学物质。
Modern definition
Antibiotic is a kind of organic substance
produced by microorganism, plant and
animal (or chemical synthesis), which can
selectively inhibit or kill other creatures at
lower concentration.
现代定义：抗生素是微生物、植物和动物产生的
（或化学合成获得的）、能够在低微浓度下有选
择地抑制或杀灭它种生物的有机物质。
抗生素
Antibiotics
是生物在其生产活动过 Any organic substances
程中所产生，并能
produced by various
在低微浓度下有选
organisms that have the
择性地抑制或杀灭
abilities to selectively
inhibit or kill other
其他微生物或肿瘤
microorganisms or tumor
细胞的有机物质。
cells at lower
concentration.
Top 10 discoveries
 1. Natural selection
 6. Laws of inheritance
 2. General relativity
 7. Germ theory
 3. E=MC2
 8. Penicillin
 4. Periodic table of
 9. Microorganism
elements
 5. The earth moves
 10. Newton’s laws of
motion
1.2 The discovery of antibiotics

Before the discovery of antibiotics,
infection diseases, the first killer surgery
(over 50%), childbirth (more than that).

Cities were empty.

Yersinia pestis (鼠疫杆菌), shigella
dysenteriae (痢疾杆菌) , other infections
1.2 The discovery of antibiotics
Alexander

Doctor Fleming
, who worked in
Mary hospital of London University, joined the
army at the outbreak of the First World War
(1914).

He became a captain of Britain Royal
surgeon group.
 Seven hundreds of thousands
 The Verdun Battle (凡尔登战役)
 both sides of French and German
 Even, every soldiers’ single step could
step on a body of
1.2 The discovery of antibiotics

The battle of Somme(索姆河战役) ,

more than sixty thousands, casualties of
British, the first day, the preponderant of fire
and solid fortifications(工事) of German.

Surgeries of debridement suture(清创缝合)

Soldiers were die in the bed, infection and
fester(感染溃烂) of wounds, bacteria, after treated
by doctors.
What’s the bacteria?

Bacteria, unicellular biont(单细胞生物) can be
seen using microscopically(显微镜), 1,500 species.

Exists every where, possess powerful
viability(生存力) , all kinds of environments, the
largest distributation.

Until 1918, the end of WWI, no useful
antibacterial agent(抗菌剂, kill the bacterial,

Do not injuring the wound tissue.
What’s wrong with the
mildew(霉斑)

Back, Fleming made his mind to research
the antibacterial agent.
Cultivated, in incubator(培养器) and
observed morphological changes(形态变化)
and growth for the methods to control it.


Boring work, prolonged, day, year.

Until 1928, the great discovery was
discovered by Fleming in an occasional
accident in medicine.

What’s wrong with the mildew?
抗生素的发现
Penicillin was discovered from the

On Sep. 15, 1928, Alexander Fleming
published his
discovery with
unexpected
observation
of aconservative
phenomenon.
voice:“ The culture of mold contained
something
had Ithe
to
What
I didwhich
is just
doabilities
not ignore
it.
dissolved staphylococcus(葡萄球菌)”
observation.

That kind of substance named penicillin(青
霉素) by Fleming.
1.2 The discovery of antibiotics
The destiny of Penicillin

Although Fleming knew that
penicillin with “perfect” property proved
by his test, which could save many
people.

It must be done about the molecular
structure before industry production.


Fleming was microbiologist not
chemist. He didn’t know how to isolate
and purify penicillin.

The research on penicillin was
interrupted at that time.
The distance between the discovery
and application is so far away.
1.3 The production of penicillin

1939，The second world war.

The need for antibacterial agent(抗菌剂)
was eagerly expected by all kinds of
wounds.
1.3 The production of penicillin

Chain, a biochemist, came to Britain for
eluding persecution to Jewish from Nazi.

One day, he found the experimental
record about penicillin in University of Oxford.

1.3 The production of penicillin

Then, he came to Florey, an Australian
pathologist. They restarted to study
Penicillin.

After 3 years research, the finally
isolated and purified penicillin by freeze
drying.
1.3 The production of penicillin

0.1g/3h, leukaemia (白血病), 5 days’
injection, food. the six day, dying,
lack, penicillin.

large-scale production of penicillin
1.3 The production of penicillin

1939, 1/9 -1945, 2/9. brought penicillin
to America.

The government of USA gave order to
produce penicillin as the first military
supplies.

Up to 1944, plentiful penicillin, the
lines of American pharmaceutical factory.

The remarkable contribution of
penicillin

Battle of Normandy

The three discoveries are penicillin,
atomic bomb and radar during WWII.
抗生素的发现

1945年，Fleming, Chain, Florey
Nobel Prize in physiology and
medicine
 发现青霉素的弗莱明教授与制取青霉素的
弗洛里教授和钱恩教授一起获得了 诺贝尔
生理学和医学奖。
 亚历山大‧弗来明1955年逝世，终年74
岁。