Transcript Advances in Water-Quality Sensing Technology

Sensing Security—
Advances in Water-Quality
Monitoring
Glenn G. Patterson
U.S. Geological Survey
5 Steps to Water System
Security
• Threat Identification and
characterization
• Vulnerability assessment
• Physical security
• Water-Quality Monitoring
• Communication and Response
Components of Monitoring
• Monitoring plan
• Sensors
– Broad-range
– Specific
• Quality assurance
• Background levels
• Communication and response plan
The value of
time-relevant data
• Provide data to decision-makers in
time for action
• Detect accidental or intentional
releases
• Improve efficiency of monitoring
programs
Traditional Real-Time
Parameters
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Stage and streamflow
Temperature
Specific conductance
pH
Dissolved Oxygen
Turbidity
Kansas Water Quality
Kansas Water Quality
Kansas Water Quality
Kansas Water Quality
Kansas Water Quality
Steps to Deployment of New
Sensing Technology
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Concept
Research and Development ($$)
Lab Testing
Field Testing
Deployment
Refinement
The Value of Partnerships
• DOE Sandia Labs
• Army Soldier Biological and
Chemical Command
• Defense Threat Reduction Agency
• Environmental Protection Agency
• States, Counties, Cities, Utilities
Advances in Europe
• 71 advanced early-warning
monitoring stations
• Some stations can detect 40+
compounds
• Active research on interpreting
results and determining background
levels
PARAMETERS AND CONSTITUENTS MONITORED ON THE
RIVER TRENT
Sensors Available Now
• Broad Range: Whole-water toxicity-sentinel species
• Specific: Semi-volatiles
• Specific: Volatiles
Whole Water Toxicity—
Automated Bioassays with
Sentinel Species
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Bacteria
Algae
Daphnia
Clams and mussels
Fish
Semi-Volatiles
• HPLC with Solid-phase extraction
Volatiles
• GC with in-situ purge and trap
Sensors Under
Development
• DOE--Sandia Labs—
Micro-Chemlab on a Chip
www.sandia.gov
Sensors Under
Development
• DOE—Oak Ridge National Lab—
Chemical-Biological Mass Spec with direct
inlet
Sensor Array Under
Development
• Army Soldier Biological and
Chemical Command—
Joint Service Agent Water Monitor
Sensors Under Development-Chemical and Biological agents
• Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier
Transform IR Spec
• Molecular Imprinted Polymers
• Pyrolysis GC Ion Mobility Mass Spec
Sensors Under Development—
Biological Agents
• Real-time Polymerase Chain
Reaction
• Antibody-Antigen Tests
• Surface-Enhanced Ramon Sensors
Additional Considerations
• Background concentrations
• Need for communication and
response plan
• Field Testing
USGS River Monitoring
Network
Water.usgs.gov/waterwatch