Transcript Water_Olver_final

Sustainable Water Institute
University of Massachusetts (Amherst)
Geosciences
Public Health
Water Resources Research Center
Computer Sciences
Polymer Sciences & Engineering
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Impact of Climate Change on Water Systems
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Half of world does not have adequate water
Climate change leads to
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Shorelines change
Changes in ocean chemistry to alter aquatic
habitat and fisheries
Warming water temperatures will change
contaminant concentrations and alter aquatic
system uses;
New patterns of rainfall and snowfall to alter
water supply and terrestrial ecosystem
More intense storms to threaten water
infrastructure and increase polluted storm water
runoff
N. America & Massachusetts have regional
water issues
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Semiconductor industry
Biofuel
Agriculture/Forestry
Pollution
Land Use in
Blackstone R
Watershed
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Mission
“Assessing, Understanding, Predicting and Responding”
 Assess impact of climate change on infrastructure, ecosystem
& stakeholders
– Water systems, ecosystem & infrastructure are already stressed
– Global change will exacerbate the current situation
 Understand hydrologic flux and storage
– Atmosphere  Surface  Subsurface
– Water quality drives water availability
 Provide stakeholders tools to Predict & Respond
– Treatment, new sources, infrastructure impact, conservation,
emergency response
– Critical need for data & tools to guide decision making process
 Educate the public and future scientists/engineers
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Technical Challenges
 Motivation
– Sampling (commonly by hand) is far too sparse in space
and time for accurate modeling and prediction
– Lack of regional scale, integrative models
 Proposed: sensing and modeling at fine scales
– Sensing - High temporal & spatial resolution, High
sensitivity, High selectivity
– Networking – Remote control & retrieval
– Application – Water Resources Quantity & Quality
– Policy – Tools to enable stakeholders to respond
 Technology applicable to other fields, including
security
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Source to User Analysis
Data
Models & Tools
Average Summer (Jul - !ug) TN Concentration
6.0
1.0
1980/Jan
1985/Jan
1990/Jan
2000/Jan
2005/Jan
2010/Jan
Current
Upgrade 1
25
.0
30
.0
35
.0
45
.0
1995/Jan
40
.0
0.0
Deep - Bedrock
Shallow - Surficial
20
Rivermile
Upgrade 2
ZeroUB
0.
0
2.0
5.
0
3.0
10
.0
4.0
15
.0
15
5.0
.0
10
Border
MARI
20
5
TN Conc. (mg/L)
Depth to Water (ft)
0
UP1NPS
Date
End Users, Policy & Response
Networked Sensors
inexpensive, dense, multi-parameter
New Sensors
Critical Water Fluxes
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Sensor Development
• Selectivity, sensitivity, size, cost, robustness, power consumption, etc.
• UMass expertise in chemistry, physics, surfaces, device development
Sensors for Water Contamination:
multi-functional sensing elements -
1.5 cm
gold electrodes
0.165 mm
versus
gold pad
quartz disk
- simple, versatile sensing platforms
gold lead
gold leads
0.8 cm
UMass Prototype Chemical Sensor
On-line QCM sensor :
~ 1 cm3 chamber
Inlet flow
Outlet flow
Leads to circuitry
Quartz disk
Supporting O-rings
Active electrode
Polymeric contaminant
capture medium:
Initial targets:
harmful ions (arsenic, lead, mercury, nitrate)
Contaminant capture media:
functionalized hydrogels
Frequency
Shift, kHz
-45
NO3-
-55
Cl-
ClNO3-
-65
H2PO4- H2PO4-
-75
0
Time, hr
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Networking Sensors: Overview
 Embedded micro-sensors, on-board processing, wireless
interfaces at very small scale
 in-situ sensing: need to “be there,” monitor “up close”
 Spatially, temporally dense environmental monitoring
 Wireless networks bring sensed data to computation, people
Ecosystems,
Biocomplexity
Seismic structure
response
Hazardous weather
(CASA): remote sensing
© KSWO TV
Marine
Microorganisms
Contaminant
transport
Networked embedded sensors @ UMass
Mt. Toby
 Wireless, mobile networking of
sensors for real-time highresolution spatial and temporal
sensing
 combine next generation
sensors with novel wireless
networking technology
 Fast low-cost deployments in
areas with no network
infrastructure
 Enables real-time monitoring of
watersheds, rivers and oceans at
unprecedented scales
10.6
Km
MA1
CSB
CASA off-the-grid radar
network
MA
TopologyInofwestern
the MA OTG
testbed
Dielsenet: networked
PVTA busses pickup
data
Example: Fort River Sensor Network
 Application:
 monitor
river dynamics
(e.g: seasonal, flood
events), ecological status,
water quantity/quality
 Sensors:
Local Deployment : 12 mile
stretch of Fort River, Amherst
Collaboration between faculty at Mt.
Holyoke, NSM and Engineering at UMass,
and Hampshire College.
 Water
quality sensors,
underwater cameras, etc.
 Research:
 Design
of wide-area,
remote wireless sensor
network infrastructure.
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Water Resources Quantity & Quality
 Utilize new sensor technology
to measure at high spatialtemporal resolutions
– hydrologic fluxes & storage
– Water quality
– Interactions & transport
USGS Sub Basin
Delineation
UBS
Quin
MA
RI
West
BSMS
N
State Boundary
USGS Sub Basins
Abbot
BSMS
Branch
Chepachet
Mill
Mumford
Nipmuck
Peters River
Quin
UBS
West
Mill
W
Nipmuck
Branch
E
Peters
Mumford
BSMS
S
 Incorporate these data into
models to predict
– Long-term simulations
– Alternative management
 Develop tools useful to
stakeholders & regulators
Abbot
Chep
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Data Utilization – Models & Tools

Quantifying fluxes between groundwater
“reservoirs”, surface water, and
atmosphere
 Strongly coupled systems are
dynamic and complex
 Strong integration between data
collection, conceptualization, and
prediction
 Coupled system approach solves
problems relevant to societal interest
Site
Data
Depth to Water (ft)
0
5
10
15
Deep - Bedrock
Shallow - Surficial
20
1980/Jan
1985/Jan
1990/Jan
Thin
Till
Date
1995/Jan
2000/Jan
Glacial Stratified Deposits
Thick
Coarse-grained
FineTill
2005/Jan
2010/Jan
grained
Conceptualization
Model/Predict/Inform
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Education & Outreach
 April 7, 2009 Lincoln Campus Center
 Keynote/Olver Award: Konstantine P.
Georgakakos
Director, Hydrologic Research Center and Adjunct
Professor, Scripps Oceanographic Institute on
 “Science-Based Water Management: Prediction and
Decision Support under Climatic Variability and
Change.”
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 Platform presentations & posters
 Student competition
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Collaborating Communities
Public
Education
 UMass courses
 UMass Extension
 UMass Outreach
 STEM Ed Institute
 UCOWR
UMass Faculty
 Working groups
 Integrative grants
Federal Agencies
 USDA
 USGS
 ACOE
 DOE
 EPA
International Agencies
 UNESCO
 International Hydrologic Programme
State & Regional Agencies
 MassDEP
 MWRA
 NEIPCC
Utilities & Industry
 Water supply, treatment
 Agriculture/Forestry
 Recreation
Practitioners
 Consultants
 NGOs
 Town officials
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Institute Activities
 Develop and test new sensors and sensor networks
 Establish densely distributed sensors networks able to
detect and monitor both fast and slow changes in a
regional water environment
 Develop and test new hydro-geologic, hydrologic and
water quality models for water flow, interconnectivity
and contamination
 Inform public in order to foster positive feedback
between the public and scientific/academic sectors.
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Federal Agencies
 DOD (ARO) Doug Kiserow; Chief, Chemical
Sciences Division; 919-549-4213
 EPA, National Center, Diana Bauer (202-343-9759);
EPA region 1, Ira Leighten.
 USGS; Kate Johnson; 703-648-6110 or Michael
Dettinger.
 DOE, Associate Director, Dr Pat Demer, 202-5865430 or 301-903-5316.
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Impacts
Unique + Interdisciplinary + Comprehensive
Public Health
Environmental Health
Infrastructure Management & Planning
Emergency Response
Education & Outreach
Economic Security & Development
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