Transcript Nutrition and Food Pyramid

Nutrition and Food Pyramid
Do Now
 What are some reasons why we eat food?
Foods Supply Energy
 Fuel for your body
 When your body uses nutrients in food, a series of chemical
reactions take place, therefore energy is released.
 Metabolism
 Chemical process by which your body breaks down food to
release energy
Foods Supply Nutrients
 What is a nutrient?
 Substances your body needs to:
 regulate body function
 promote growth
 repair body tissues
 obtain energy
***Body requires more than 40 nutrients for these tasks
Calories
 What is a calorie?
 The amount of energy released when food is broken down is
measured in units
 Heat Energy
 Scientific term - The energy needed to raise the temperature of
1 gram of water through 1 °C (now usually defined as 4.1868
joules).
 What is the recommended daily caloric intake for a average
human?
Average Caloric intake?
Caloric Intake for Women
Caloric Intake for Men
 Several factors play into how much calories you
should take in daily.




How much exercise – low, moderate, intense
How fit are you – obese, in shape
Quality of the foods you eat – fast food, fruits, vegetables
How much sleep you get, how long you stay awake
Six Types of Nutrients
 Carbohydrates
 Fats
 Proteins
 Vitamins
 Minerals
 Water
Carbohydrates
 Purpose: Supply energy to your body
 There are two different types of carbohydrates –
 simple : known as sugars.


Ex. Fruits, vegetables, milk, table sugar, refined foods
complex: starches are the main types. Starch are sugars
linked together that form a long chain.

Ex. Oats, grains, wheat, potatoes, whole wheat
Complex Carbohydrates
 Fiber – complex carbohydrate found in plants.
 Fiber cannot be broken down and passed through your blood
stream.
 Passed through without being digested but is a necessity for
proper functioning of your digestive system.
 A High Fiber diet will –
 Prevent constipation
 Reduce risk of colon cancer
 Prevent heart disease
Daily Carbohydrate Intake
 45 to 65 Percent of your daily diet
 Better to eat foods rich in complex carbohydrates
 High in Sugar – candy, soft drinks – Low
Nutritional Value
Fats
 Nutrient with highest energy content
 Purpose supply your body with energy, form your
cells, maintain body temperature and protect your
nerves.
 Unsaturated – good fat

neurons
 Saturated fats- bad fat
 cholesterol
Daily Fat Intake
 25 to 35 percent of your daily caloric intake
 Primarily unsaturated fats
 To reduce intake of saturated fats, substitute low fat
foods for meats and dairy products that are high in
saturated fats.
Protein
 Purpose serve as a source of energy
 Growth and repair of body tissue’s
 High Protein diet – ex. Milk, eggs, meats, nuts,





beans, peas, lentils
22 total amino acids
13 are made in the body
9 MUST come from food!!!
Complete proteins- animal sources have all 9 amino
acids
Incomplete proteins- veggies, nuts , seeds lack one
or two incomplete proteins
Amino Acids
 Makes up protein in our body and food.
 Digest protein, body breaks down the protein into
amino acids which are absorbed into bloodstream
and reassembled to make the proteins your body
needs.
 Essential Amino Acids – 22 total amino acids


9 come from food
The rest your body manufactures
Complete and Incomplete Proteins
 Complete – Proteins from an animal source
 Meats, fish, dairy
 Contains all nine essential amino acids
 Incomplete – Proteins that come from a plant source
 Beans, broccoli, peas, etc.
 Lack one or more essential amino acids
Daily Intake Protein
 10 to 35 percent of your daily diet should be proteins
 Diet with a variety of meat and vegatables will supply
the right amount of protein and amino acids you will
need.
Vitamins
 Nutrients that are made by living things, are
required only in small amounts
 Purpose – assist in chemical reactions, using other
nutrients
 Two Classes – Fat soluble – dissolve in fat. Water
soluble – dissolve in water
Fat Soluble
 Fat Soluble Vitamins
 A, D, E, K are found in vegetable oils, eggs, vegetables, milk,
fruit, sunlight
 Can be stored in the body
Water Soluble
 Water soluble vitamins
 Vitamin C, B Vitamins are found in fruits, vegatables
 Can not be stored in the body
 Important to get a daily dose of these vitamins
 B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Folate, C
 Play a role in metabolism, nervous system function, healthy
red blood cells, formation of proteins, fights infections
Minerals
 Nutrients that occur naturally in rock and soils
 24 essential minerals have been shown for good
health
 Need seven minerals – calcium, sodium, potassium,
magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine and sulfur
Water
 65 Percent of your body is water
 Purpose hydrates your body
 Carries waste out of your body
 Digest food
 Cells/tissues/organs need water to function
 Play a role in production of energy
Water and Homeostasis
 Homeostasis – process of maintaining a steady state
inside your body
 Water contains dissolved substances called
electrolytes
 Daily Intake – 10 glasses of 8 oz. of water
 Factors – age, gender, physical activity
 Caffeine – increases the amount of water your body excretes
Water and Exercise
 Drink water before and after you exercise
 Sports drinks – try to avoid sports drinks for low to
moderate work outs.


Heavier to more intense workouts, sports drinks can be
beneficial but in moderation.
When in doubt drink water
Old Food Pyramid
New Food Pyramid
Mission Nutrition
 http://kidshealth.org/kid/closet/games/game_nutri
tion.html
Reading Food Labels
 http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/labels.
html