Transcript Carbs, Fats, and Proteins

Carbs, Fats, and Proteins
Chapter 7 Section 1
What is Nutrition?
Nutrition-
is the science or
study of food and the ways in
which the body uses food.
Nutrients- are substances in
food that provide energy or
help form body tissues and are
necessary for life and growth.
Six Classes of Nutrients
Carbs
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Carbohydrates
A
class of energy-giving
nutrients that include
sugars, starches and
fiber.
Fats
A
class of energy-giving
nutrients that are also
the main form of energy
storage in the body.
Proteins
A
class of nutrients made
up of amino acids, which
are needed to build and
repair body structures and
to regulate processes in
the body.
A Balanced Diet Keep you Healthy
Just
remember that the food
that you eat now in your teens
can affect the risk of
developing obesity, heart
disease, diabetes,
osteoporosis, and cancer when
you are in your 30’s, 40’s, or
50’s.
Food Has Fuel for Your Body
Metabolism-
is the sum of
chemical processes that take
place in your body.
Metabolism requires energy
and nutrients which it gets
from carbs, fats and proteins.
Fuel for Your Body
Energy
in food is measured
in Calories.
Carbs.=4 calories per gram
Proteins=4 calories per
gram
Fats=9 calories per gram
Carbs.-Sugars:Sweet
&Simple
Sugars
are the simplest form
of a carbohydrate
Glucose-is a single unit of
sugar that circulates in your
blood and provides energy for
your cells.
Carbs./Starches
Starches are complex
carbohydrates. They are made
of many glucose units linked
together such as potatoes,
beans and grains.
It’s recommended that 45% to
65% of the calories in your diet
come from carbohydrates.
Carbs./Glycogen:Storage Carbs
Glycogen is made in the body. It’s
made of many glucose units linked
together. It is stored in the muscle
and liver. Glycogen can be broken
down into glucose.
If glycogen stores become full, the
body is able to convert carbs. from
the diet into fat.
Carbs./Fiber
Made of many glucose units linked
together
Found in fruits and vegetables
Cannot be digested by humans
Needed for a healthy digestive
system.
Soluble and Insoluble Fiber
Fats
Lipids-are
a chemical compound
that are fatty or oily substances
that don’t dissolve in water.
Fats are large molecules that are
made up of two smaller molecules
called fatty acids and glycerol.
3 fatty acids linked to 1
glycerol=Triglyceride
Saturated Fats
Are
fats that are made up of
saturated fatty acids.
Saturated fat is the bad fat that
can lead to obesity, increase
cholesterol, and heart disease.
Commonly found in ice cream
whole milk, butter.
Unsaturated Fats
Are
fats that are made
up of unsaturated fatty
acids.
Liquid at room temp.
Commonly found in
plants
Monounsaturated Fats
Unsaturated
fats that
contain fatty acids.
Found in olive oil, peanut
oil.
Lower the risk of Heart
Disease
Polyunsaturated Fats
Found
in corn oil,
sunflower oil
Omega-3 which is found in
fish and seafood provide
extra protection against
heart disease.
Fats
Total
fat intake for teens
should be 25%-35% of
total calorie intake.
Limited amounts of
saturated fat, cholesterol,
and trans fat.
Cholesterol
Another
type of lipid.
Needed to make Vitamin D, cell
membranes, certain hormones,
and bile.
Your body makes cholesterol but
you also get it from your diet.
Cholesterol Cont.
LDL(Low
Density Lipoprotein)brings cholesterol to the body
cells.
If LDL levels get to high then
deposits of plaque form on the
walls of blood vessels.
LDL=Bad Cholesterol
Cholesterol Cont.
HDL(High
Density
Lipoprotein)-carries cholesterol
back to the liver, where it is
removed from the blood.
HDL=Good Cholesterol
High Levels reduces the risk of
heart disease.
Cholesterol Cont.
Cholesterol
is only found
in animal tissue
Cholesterol is not found
in plants.
Proteins
A
class of nutrients that are
made up of amino acids, which
are needed to build and repair
body structures and to regulate
processes in the body.
If you eat more protein than is
needed, it can be stored as fat.
Proteins Cont.
Amino
Acids-linked together like
beads on a necklace to make up
each protein.
There are 20 different amino
acids
9 amino acids needed to make
body protein can’t be made by
our bodies.
Proteins Cont.
The
9 amino acids are called
essential amino acids and
must be eaten in your diet.
The other 11 amino acids can
be made by the body and are
called nonessential amino
acids.
Proteins Cont.
 Animal
proteins such as meat, eggs,
and dairy products contain all the
essential amino acids. Theses are
called complete proteins.
 If you eat plants and animal foods
than you can easily meet all of your
amino acid needs.
 Its recommended that 10%-35% of
total Calorie intake be from protein.