Transcript Nutrition with Simpsons CPHS2006 2

Remember…
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PONCHoS!
Or CHNOPS
P = Phosphorous
C = Carbon
O = Oxygen
H = Hydrogen
N = Nitrogen
N = Nitrogen
C = Carbon
O = Oxygen
H = Hydrogen
P = Phosphorus
S = Sulfur
S = Sulfur
Organic Molecules
• Molecules that contain carbon and other
members of Ponchos
• Synthesize and sustain life
HI, MY NAME IS TROY McCLURE. I’M NOT A NUTRITIONIST
BUT I PLAY ONE ON TV. YOU MIGHT REMEMBER
ME FROM SUCH INFOMERCIALS AS “EAT LARD, SIT ON YOUR
BUTT AND LOSE WEIGHT!!”AND “THE McBANE JUICE DIET!”
NOW SIT DOWN WITH SOME SNACKS AND A SODA AS WE
LEARN ABOUT NUTRITION!
* Key source of energy!
* Found in grains, fruits and veggies
* Made of simple sugars called
monosaccharides.
Table sugar = disaccharide =
two linked monosaccharides
Polysaccharide = many sugars
linked in a chain. Examples: starch
(plants) and glycogen (animals)
Animals digest polysaccharides into
monosaccharides to use for quick energy
Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in some
vegetables (like corn) which humans can’t digest.
That’s why if you don’t chew up our corn well
enough, if goes right through your body.
Wood is almost completely cellulose.
10. Cows and termites
have bacteria in their
stomachs that digest
cellulose into
monosaccharides
for them.
Bacteria in our intestines can
break down some carbohydrates
into (unfortunately)
.
Cows actually burp
quite a bit from these
bacteria.
Store Energy!
Examples: waxes, oils, cholesterol, steroid hormones, and fats.
Usually found in fried foods, meats and junk food.
1. Made of fatty acids
2. Store twice as much energy as carbohydrates or proteins.
Fat molecule = 3 linked fatty
acids.
Fatty acids are just long carbon
chains with hydrogen atoms
attached.
Fatty acids are known as either saturated fats
(all carbon to carbon single bonds)
or unsaturated fats (one or more C to C double bonds)
8. Saturated fats tend to be animal
Fats and unhealthy because
they are unreactive. They are solids
at room temperature. Examples are
lard and grease
9. Most plant oils and some fish oils
are made of unsaturated fatty acids.They
are generally liquid at room temperature
Proteins
1. They do almost everything!
2. Made of amino acids.
3. Found in meats, eggs, nuts, beans
4. Humans need twenty different amino acids
Valine
Phenylalanine
METHIONINE
3. Proteins can fold up into billions of different shapes
depending on their amino acid sequence.
4. The shape of the protein determines its function.
All proteins are either structural or enzymes
Structural – proteins that form structures (like hair,
or tendons). Most plants are low in protein content.
-Organic substances needed in trace amounts that
enhance the activity of enzymes.
•Fat-soluble –
can be stored in the
body, too much
can be toxic
•Water-soluble – need daily doses
because they are
excreted with urine
Inorganic substances needed in trace amounts.
They:
a) maintain proper enzyme function
b) allow nerves and muscles to function
c) make body structures (like bone)
d) maintain water balance
2 to 3 servings per day of milk, yogurt or cheese
2 to 3 servings of meat, poultry, fish, beans, eggs or nuts
3 to 5 servings of vegetables
2 to 4 servings of fruit
6 to 11 servings of bread, cereal, rice and pasta
limited use of oils, fats and sweets.
Meat/Bean
•Human digest food
protein into amino acids
used to make human
protein
•Can also be used for
energy
CarbsMain source
of energy and
fiber.
Not all lipids are bad, in
fact we could not live
without many.
- mainly we make this for
energy storage
Excess
proteins, fats and
carbohydrates are
turned into human
fat molecules.
This is a chart
for adults
•Daily intake of calories should be around
~2000 - 2500 (teen girls 2200 / teen guys
2800).
•No more than 1/3 of calories should be
from fat.
•No more than 1/3 fat grams should be
from saturated fats.
Does this
have a
safe % of
its calories
coming from
fat?
Does this
have a safe
% of its fat
grams coming
from saturated
fats?
a) Find a diet you will stick with. Regardless of
what you eat, if you eat less calories than you
“burn”, your body will go to your fat reserves for
energy.
b)
don’t starve because your body will think there’s a
famine and will slow its metabolism. Make sure
to eat breakfast to start your metabolism .
You should have 30 min of continuous cardiovascular
exercise (a brisk walk) per day. Like starvation,
lack of exercise slows your metabolism down.