Transcript Chapter 5 Lesson 1-2

Chapter 5
Lesson 1-2
Nutrition During Your
Teen Years
• Enjoying a wide variety of healthful foods
is an important part of good nutrition.
• Nutrition- the process by which the body
takes in and uses food.
• Because not all food offers you the same
benefits, making healthful food choices is
important to your health.
The Importance of Good
Nutrition
• Good nutrition provides you with calories
and nutrients your body needs for
maximum energy and wellness.
• Calories- units of heat that measure the
energy used by the body and the energy
that food supplies to the body.
• Nutrients- substances in food that your
body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to
supply you with energy.
Hunger and Appetite
• Hunger: is unlearned, inborn response; a
physical drive that protects you from
starvation.
– When your stomach is empty its walls contract,
stimulating nerve endings. Those nerves signal
your brain that your body needs food.
• Appetite: the desire, rather than the need
to eat. Do you think you have a big
appetite?
Food and Emotions
• Food is sometimes used to meet
emotional needs.
• For example: Do you eat more or less
when you are feeling stressed,
frustrated, or depressed? Do you
snack when you are bored?
• Using food to relieve tension or
boredom can result in overeating and
unhealthy weight gain. Recognizing
when emotions are guiding your food
choices can help you break such
patterns and improve your eating
habits.
• Convenience and cost: Many busy families
relay on foods that are quick and easy to
prepare. Is it cheaper to eat healthy or
unhealthy?
• Advertising: Advertisers spend millions of
dollars each year to influence your
decisions about what food you eat.
Nutrition Throughout the
Life Span
• Good Nutrition is essential for health
throughout life but is particularly
important during adolescence- one of
the fastest periods of growth you
will experience.
Managing Your Eating
Habits:
• Try not to be overly influenced by
others in making food choices.
• Pay attention to quantity.
• Make something other than food the
focus of social occasions.
Lesson 2
Nutrients
• To survive, the human body needs the
nutrients found in food.
• These nutrients are classified into six
groups:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water
1. Carbohydrates
– Starches and sugars present in food.
• Carbs are made up of; carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Carbs are the preferred source of
energy for the body.
Simple and Complex
Carbohydrates
• Simple Carbs: are sugars, such as fructose,
lactose (found in fruit and milk), and
sucrose (table sugar)
• Complex Carbs: are also known as starches
(sound in whole grain: seeds, nuts,
potatoes)
– the body must break down these complex carbs
into simple carbs before it can be used as
energy.
SIMPLE
CARBOHYDRATES
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES
The Role of
Carbohydrates
• All carbohydrates are broken down into
glucose – which is the body’s MAIN
SOURCE OF ENERGY.
• Glycogen- use glucose that is not used
right away and is stored in the liver and
muscles. Then when energy is needed again
it is converted back into glucose.
• When you consume more carbs than your
body can use as energy, it is then stored
as fat.
• Fiber- is an indigestible complex
carbohydrate (found in; tough, stringy
parts of vegetables, fruits, and whole
grains)
• Although fiber cannot be used as energy,
it helps move waste out of the body, which
helps prevent intestinal problems.
• Good sources of fiber include: fruits and
vegetables with edible skin, bran, oatmeal,
and brown rice.
2. Protein
- nutrients that help build and maintain
body cells and tissues
• Proteins are made up of long chains of
substances called amino acids.
• Your body can manufacture all but 9 of the
needed 20 amino acids.
• The 9 that your body cannot produce are
called essential amino acids.
Proteins are classified
into 2 groups:
1. Complete Proteins: contain adequate
amounts of all 9 essential amino
acids. (fish, eggs, meat)
2. Incomplete Proteins: lack 1 or more
of the essential amino acids. (beans,
peas, nuts and whole grains)
COMPLETE PROTEINS
INCOMPLETE PROTEINS
Roles of Proteins
»Help build new cells and tissues
»Make enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
»Provide the body with energy
»Excess proteins are also stored as fat
3. Fats
• Lipids- a fatty substance that does
not dissolve in water.
• Fats provide more than twice the
amount of energy than carbohydrates
and proteins.
• The body needs fatty acids. The fatty
acids that the body needs, but cannot
produce are called essential fatty acids.
• Saturated Fat- holds all the hydrogen
atoms it can (solid at room temp.-butter)
• Unsaturated Fat- liquid type of fat at
room temp. (oil)
• Fat is needed to provide the body
with important vitamins: A, D, E, K,
but consuming too much food high in
fat is unhealthy and can lead to
weight gain.
• Fat should add up to no more than
20-30% of daily calorie intake.
4. Vitamins
• - are compounds that help regulate
many vital body processes, including
digestion, absorption, and metabolism
of other nutrients.
• Vitamins are either classified as water or
fat-soluble.
• Water-Soluble Vitamins: can dissolve in
water and pass easily through blood. They
need to be replenished daily.
• Fat-Soluble Vitamins: are absorbed,
stored, and transported in fat. They are
stored in fat.
Water Soluble Vit.
Vitamin C
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B12
Fat-Soluble Vit.
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
5. Minerals
- substances that the body cannot
manufacture on it’s own but is
needed for forming healthy bones
and teeth, and for regulating many
vital body processes.
Examples: Calcium, Iron, Magnesium
6. Water
-transports nutrients and carries
wastes from your cells.
-Water also lubricates joints and
mucous membranes.
Partner Work
Be a Scientist… Make a theory about a
nutritional element that you think could
work based on your experiences.
Example: Mrs. Murawski thinks that if an
individual consumes the recommended
amount of water intake daily…less stretch
marks will occur. BE CREATIVE.