Transcript Chapter 05
5 Nutrition Nutrition • Nutrition – Healthy body needs good nutrition – Manner in which foods are used • Diet – Malnutrition – Obesity 2 The Food Guide Pyramid 3 Nutrients • • • • • • Carbohydrates Fats and lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water 4 Carbohydrates • Fruits, grains, and legumes • Energy increase • Cariogenic foods – Breakdown of sugars causes cavities – Nursing bottle syndrome (NBS) – Preventative Measures • Fiber 5 Fats and Lipids • Both are insoluble in water • Fats are derived from a solid • Lipids are the oils from a liquid 6 Proteins • Complete proteins – Contain all ten essential amino acids • Animal proteins – Eggs, milk, and meat • Incomplete proteins – Contain less than ten amino acids • Vegetables and grains 7 Fat-Soluble Vitamins • Vitamin A – Carotene versus Retinol • Vitamin D • Vitamin E • Vitamin K 8 Water-Soluble Vitamins • Vitamin C – Prevents toothaches – Holds cells together – Found in citrus products 9 Water-Soluble Vitamins • Deficiency (Vitamin C) – Improper tooth development – Ulcerated gums – Slow healing process 10 Water-Soluble Vitamins • Vitamin B Complex – Thiamin (B1) – Riboflavin (B2) – Niacin (B3) 11 Water-Soluble Vitamins • Deficiency (Vitamin B) – Angular Cheilosis – Glossitis – Pellagra 12 Minerals • Major minerals – Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, and chlorine • Trace minerals – Copper, chromium, molybdenum, selenium, manganese, iodine, iron, zinc, cobalt, and fluorine 13 Water • Most abundant nutrient in the body • Primary functions – Solvent for the biochemical reactions – Removes toxic waste from body • Must be replenished daily – 8 glasses per day recommended – Coffee and alcohol are diuretics 14 Balancing Energy • Calories • Metabolism – Metabolic rate is the relationship of calories consumed to the calories energized – Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy used when a person is at rest 15 Nutrition Labels • • • • • • • Standardized format Ingredients Serving size Calories Nutrients Preservatives Organic 16 Nutrition Labels 17 Eating Disorders • Chronic dieting syndrome • Bulimia • Anorexia nervosa 18 Chronic Dieting Syndrome • Characteristics – Large fluctuations in weight – Compulsive overeating – Use of dieting pills • Complications – Chemical imbalances – High anxiety levels 19 Bulimia • Characteristics – Secretive, obsessive – Binge eating, vomiting – Laxative abuse – Excessive exercise 20 Bulimia • Complications in oral cavity – Tooth enamel erosion – Sensitivity to hot and cold – Swollen and tender saliva glands 21 Anorexia Nervosa • Characteristics – Extreme aversion to food – Eating perceived as punishment – Food obsessions 22 Anorexia Nervosa • Complications in oral cavity – Tooth enamel erosion – Unhealthy gums – Week teeth – Rapid decay 23 Diet, Culture, and Religion • Variety of foods – Foods may be unfamiliar – Be informed when making suggestions • Variety of backgrounds – Avoid stereotyping 24