Transcript Chapter 4
Bell Work Objective: 0807.5.1 Use a simple classification key to identify an unknown organism. Classification Activity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. At your lab table there are several pictures of animals. Remove all pictures from the folder. With your lab group, categorize these pictures according to their characteristics. Your team must make at least three groups (or more). Lay the pictures in three separate groups on your lab table. Keep the name of each group a secret because when we share our groups, we will allow the other groups to guess how you categorized the pictures. Don’t tell your category names when you show the picture, wait until the other groups guess. Classification means organizing living things into groups based on their similarities. Scientists classify living and extinct organisms to make them easier to study. Organisms are classified by shared characteristics and their relationships between one another. The levels of classification go from very general to very specific. Pneumonic device The 8 levels: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Did King Philip Come Over From Great Spain The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy. Taxonomy was founded by Linnaeus in the 1700’s. He classified things only by their shared characteristics. Modern taxonomists also look at evolutionary relationships between animals. A branching diagram can show the relationships between organisms. Group Activity using the Branching Diagram 1. Construct a Branching diagram 2. Use a frog, a snake, a kangaroo, and a rabbit in your diagram. 3. Think of one major change before the frog appeared. 4. For the last 3 organisms, think of a change that happened between one of these and the other 2. Write all of these in your diagram. rabbit kangaroo snake Young develop fully inside mother frog Fur; live birth Lay eggs on dry land; dry skin Air breathing; ability to live on land Organisms that are more closely related are closer together on the branching diagram. When living things are classified, they get a scientific name. The scientific name is the same anywhere in the world. The 4 Rules to writing a Scientific Name: 1. Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek. 2. The scientific name is always the genus and species name together. 3. The Genus is always written first and capitalized. The species is second and is always lower case. 4. The scientific name is always italicized or underlined. Ex. Felis domesticus Scientists can use a dichotomous key to identify unknown organisms. Pg. 52 Bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they do not have nuclei. All other living things are eukaryotic and have nuclei. Scientists use 3 Domains. Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Scientists use 6 kingdoms. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria live in extreme environments (very hot or cold) They have been on the earth for about 3 billion years. Domain Bacteria Most bacteria are in Kingdom Eubacteria. They live in many places all over the earth and even inside other organisms. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista -consists of unicellular & simple multicellular organisms. Protista includes organisms that are not plants, animals or fungi Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae - Plants are usually green & make food by photosynthesis They are complex, multicellular organisms Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi- absorb food from their surroundings. Fungi are usually multicellular (except yeast). Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Most move around and have nervous systems. Animals are complex & multicellular. Five Kingdom Classification Monera Kingdom Protist Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plant Kingdom Animal Kingdom Major Traits Singlecelled; no nucleus Most are single-celled Some make own food; some cannot make own food Most are manycelled; cannot make own food Single-celled and many-celled; make own food; cannot move from place to place Many-celled; cannot make own food; can move from place to place Examples Bacteria Paramecium amoeba euglena Mushroom mold, yeast Tree, small flowering plant, fern, algae Sponge, insect, clam, fish, bird, snake, human