Transcript Three Domain Classification System

Biology I
Chapter 17
Vocab 31-40
#1-5
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Cancer
Heat
Heart
Slow
Windpipe
#6-10
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Breakdown
Center
Hundreth
Head
Tail
#11-15 & Bonuses
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Allopatric
Meiosis
Mitosis
mRNA
Reproduce fertile offspring
Transcription
Translation
Vocab #41-50
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Brain
Neck
Claw
Chemical
Green
#6-10
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Around
Cartilage
Color
Hollow
Time
#11-15 & Bonuses
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DNARNA
Diffusion
Grow
Gametes
Hydrogen
RNAProtein
Uracil
Do Now
• Examine the timeline below. Which of the
following events best fits the missing information
on the timeline?
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A. evolution of first amphibians
B. evolution of first prokaryotes
C. evolution of first multicellular organisms
D. formation of an aerobic atmosphere
• The leg of an iguana and the wing of a bird look
different, but they have similar functions and
likely evolved from the same distant ancestor.
• Structures such as these are said to be _______.
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A.
B.
C.
D.
heterogeneous
differentiated
vestigial
homologous
Biodiversity
• Crash Course-Anatomy
• Biodiversity-the variety of organisms
considered at all levels from
populations to ecosystems.
• Taxonomy-The science of classifying
living things
The Linnaean System
• Carolus Linnaeus-developed the
system of classifying organisms by
assigning them a genus and species
name
• Gave organisms a Genus species
Latin name.
Levels of Classification
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Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Species
Felis
Genus
Felidae
Family
Carnivora
Order
Mammalia
Class
Chordata
Phylum
Animalia
Kingdom
Eukarya
Domain
Felis
catus
Levels of Classification
• The lowest hierarchy level in biological
classification is the
o
species.
• The highest hierarchy level in
biological classification is the
o
Domain.
Levels of Classification
• Least inclusive
o
Species
• Most inclusive
o
Domain
Levels of Classification
• Organisms in different genera
may share the second word of their
scientific names.
o may be in the same family.
o may be in different orders.
o
Levels of Classification
• Today, biologists classify organisms
by their
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behavioral similarities
physical similarities
chemical similarities
Do Now
• In 2 lines, explain why it was necessary to make
a universal classification system of organisms.
• Nearly all mammals have seven cervical (neck)
vertebrae. This fact implies that
• A. all animals can turn their heads the same
amount.
• B. predators prefer to eat animals with either six
or eight cervical vertebrae.
• C. all mammals have to stretch their necks to
obtain food.
• D. all mammals descended from a common
ancestor.
• What does it mean to say that two different
species of organisms are closely related?
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A. They have a common evolutionary ancestor.
B. They have the same preferences in diet.
C. They have the same parents.
D. They live in the same habitat.
Systematics
• Systematics-to classify organisms in
terms of their natural relationships
• Used in systematic taxonomy to
classify organisms
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Patterns of embryological development
Homologous features
Amino acid sequences of proteins
Phylogenetics
• Phylogeny-the evolutionary history of
a species
• Phylogenetic Tree-presumed
evolutionary relationships based on a
variety of types of evidence.
Species
Felis
catus
(domestic
cat)
Genus
Felis
Family
Felidae
Mephitis
mephitis
(striped skunk)
Lutra
lutra
(European
otter)
Lutra
Mephitis
Mustelidae
Carnivora
Order
Figure 15.7B
Canis
familiaris
(domestic dog)
Canis
lupus
(wolf)
Canis
Canidae
Cladistics
• Cladistics-a system of phylogenetic analysis
that uses shared and derived characters as
the only criteria for grouping taxa
• Shared character-a feature that all members
of a group have in common
• Derived character-a feature that evolved
only within the group under consideration
• Cladogram-a phylogenetic diagram
Cladistics
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SABER TOOTH TIGER PRESENT DAY TIGER
• The skeletons of a saber tooth tiger and a present-day
tiger are shown above. Which of the following is a
structural difference between the saber tooth and the
present-day tiger?
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A. size of scapulae
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B. shape and size of skull
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C. size of teeth
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D. all of these
• The study of structural differences and similarities
among living things is called _______.
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neurology
comparative biochemistry
comparative anatomy
embryology
Three Domain
Classification System
• Carl Woese proposed the threedomain system of classification based
on the examination of ribosomal RNA.
Three Domain
Classification System
• The three domain system of
classification is based on similarities
and differences in :
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Ribosomal RNA
Embryological development
Fossils
Physical features
Various molecular structures
Classification
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Domain
Kingdom
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Unicellular or Multicellular
Autotroph, Heterotroph, or Both
Miscellaneous
Archaea
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Domain Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Both
Use hydrogen to produce methane
Bacteria
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Domain Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Both
Contains fatty acids
Protists
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Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Both
Lack tissue organization; any
eukaryotes that are not plants,
animals, or fungi
Fungi
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Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotic
Multicellular (Some Unicellular)
Heterotrophic (absorbs food)
Breaks down organic matter, which it
then absorbs
Plantae
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Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Cell wall made of cellulose
Animalia
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Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotrophic (ingests food)
Movement
• The figure above shows the progression of embryonic
stages of four species of invertebrates. Which of the
following species are most closely related by evolution?
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A. Species A and Species D
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B. Species A and Species B
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C. Species C and Species D
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D. Species B and Species C
• Look at the organisms in the image above. Which of the
following organisms are most closely related
evolutionarily?
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A. fish and clam
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B. fish and starfish
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C. starfish and sand dollar
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D. crab and starfish