Transcript Classification and Diversity

INTRODUCTION TO
CLASSIFICATION
4-27-15
WHY CLASSIFY?
TAXONOMY: the science of classifying
things
Examples of everyday taxonomy:
Grocery store
Library
Online video store
SCIENTIFIC NAMING
Helps all scientists worldwide know what organism is being
talked about
Early on: organisms described by physical characteristics
 Two-winged, scaley legged, sharp beaked flyer
 “Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on
their undersides and no teeth around their edges
SCIENTIFIC NAMING
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: each species is assigned a two-part
name based on their classification
 GENUS + SPECIES = scientific name
 Homo + sapien = human
• Scientific names help scientists to
communicate.
– Some species have very similar common names.
– Some species have many common names.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROADRUNNER AND COYOTE—
LOONEY TUNES
Pseudo-Latin names given
for the Road Runner
for the Coyote
Acceleratii incredibus
Carnivorous vulgaris
Accelerati incredibilus
Carnivorous vulgaris
Acceleratti incredibilis
Carnivorous vulgaris
Velocitus tremenjus
Road-Runnerus digestus
Hot-roddicus supersonicus
Eatibus anythingus
Speedipus rex
Famishus-famishus
Velocitus delectiblus
Eatibus almost anythingus
Delicius-delicius
Eatius birdius
LINNEAUS
Carolus Linneaus (17071778)
 Created seven levels of
classification levels
 Has been able to adjust to
new species being discovered
“As one sits here in summertime and listens to
the cuckoo and all the other bird songs, the
crackling and buzzing of insects, as one gazes
at the shining colors of flowers, doth one
become dumbstruck before the Kingdom of the
Creator.”
LINNEAN CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom
Most inclusive,
least specific
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Least inclusive,
most specific
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
SubPhylum
Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Order :Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapien
EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION
Biologists now group organisms into categories
that represent evolutionary descent, not just
physical similarities
CLADOGRAM: a diagram that shows
evolutionary relationships in the development of
organisms
 Derived Characters: “new” characteristics found in
recent parts of a lineage.
CLADISTICS IS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON COMMON
ANCESTRY.
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history for a group of
species.
evidence from living species, fossil record, and molecular
data
shown with branching tree diagrams
PLANT KINGDOM CLADOGRAM
DOMAINS
Category added above “Kingdom”
Domain Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Domain Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Domain Eukarya
all organisms with eukaryotic cells
6 KINGDOMS OF LIFE
1. Archaebacteria: unicellular prokaryotes
2. Eubacteria: unicellular prokaryotes
3. Protista: unicellular eukaryotes
4. Fungi: multicellular eukaryotic decomposers
5. Plantae: multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs
6. Animalia: multicellular eukaryotic
heterotrophs