Transcript Unit 5 - Classification - Chap 18

Why Classify?

To name organisms and group them
in a logical manner.

All pictures below look very different, but
all are classified in the general category
of mammals.
Classification- A grouping of objects or
information based on similarities
Taxon is the group that animals belong to
Taxonomy- the branch of biology
concerned with the grouping & naming of
organisms
Carolus Linnaeus: 1707 - 1778
History of Classification
Linnaeus’ System of Classificationstill used today


7 levels from
largest to smallest:
Based on physical
characteristics and
close relationships
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
King Phillip Came Over From Germany Swimming
King Phillip Can Order Five Green Shakes.
TAXONOMY
The order from the smallest to the largest
group is the following:
 species--are the most related and can
breed together
 genus-share many things in common like
similar teeth, feet and claws
 family-more general but still share many
characteristics in common

Taxonomy continued
order- broad category, composed of
similar families
 class-more general than order-share
characteristics that are even more general
-warm blooded, have hair, feed their young
 Phylum-includes large number of very
different organisms that share body
features or internal functions.
 Kingdom-largest group, all animals are in
kingdom Animalia and all plants are in the
kingdom Plantae

What is Binomial Nomenclature?

Binomial Nomenclature- scientifically
naming using 2 words. (Latin words)
•Genus: First word, always capitalized. Group of
closely related species.
•Species: Second word, lowercase. Descriptive.
Genus species - whole name italicized
Genus
Species
common name
Homo
sapiens
Humans
Eurycea
bislineata
Salamander
Ways of diagramming Classification
Phylogenetic trees- show hierarchy
& relationships
Cladograms= focuses on
evolutionary linkage
The SIX Kingdoms of LIVING
organisms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Formerly
Monera
The 6 Kingdoms
Eubacteria -new bacteria
- Prokaryotes
- cell walls with peptidogylcan
- unicellular
- Autotroph or Heterotroph
- Examples- Streptococcus,
Escherichia coli
Archaebacteria-old bacteria
- Prokaryotes
- Cell walls w/o peptidoglycan
- Unicellular
- Autotroph or heterotroph
Halophiles- love salt
Methanogens-love methane
Protists
- Eukaryotic
- Some have cell walls of cellulose &
chloroplasts
- Unicellular or Multicellular
- Autotroph or heterotroph
- plantlike, animal like, fungus like
- Ex-Ameoba, Kelp, Slime Mold
Over 100,00 species
Fungi
- Eukaryote
- cell walls of chitin
- Unicellular or Multicellular
- heterotroph, absorbs nutrients
from dead
- Examples- mushroom, yeast
Fungi
Plants
- Eukaryotes
- cells walls of cellulose, chloroplasts
- multicellular
- Autotroph-Photosynthesis
- Examples- mosses, ferns, flowering
plants
Over
10,00
species
Animals
- Eukaryote
- no cell walls or chloroplasts/have
cell membrane
- Multicellular
- Heterotroph
- Sponges, worms, insects, fishes,
mammals
CONCEPT MAP
Living
Things
are characterized by
Eukaryotic
cells
and differing
Important
characteristics
which place them in
Cell wall
structures
such as
Domain
Eukarya
Prokaryotic cells
which is subdivided into
which place them in
Domain
Bacteria
which coincides with
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Kingdom
Plantae
Domain
Archaea
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Animalia