Transcript Classification

Organizing Life
Classification, Taxonomy
& Dichotomous Key
A brief review…..
Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Arachnida
Phylum: Chordata
Class:
Insecta
Class: Mammalia
Order:
Carnivora
Family:
Canadae
Order:
Primates
Class: Aves
Classification
• CLASSIFICATION is a
manmade system for grouping
living organisms with similar
characteristics.
• TAXONOMY is the branch of
biology that assigns names to all
the various living organisms.
Binomial Nomenclature
Carolus
Linnaeus
(1707-1778)
developed the
system which
gives a two
part scientific
name to each
kind of
organism.
Rana pipiens
or Rana
pipiens
Binomial Nomenclature
Linnaeus’s system that gives each organism
two names:
-First word – genus; always capitalized
-Second word – species; lowercase
-Both words are italicized or underlined
-Example: Homo sapiens (humans); if you
were writing the name you would underline
the words – Homo sapiens
Binomial Nomenclature
• Scientists agreed to use a single name for
each species. Because eighteenth-century
scientists understood Latin and Greek, they
used those languages for scientific names.
• Genus – (first word) a group of closely
related species
• Species – (second word) unique to each
species within the genus
Taxonomy
• Categories of organisms are referred to
as Taxon or TAXA. !
Dichotomous Key
• special guides to help identify organisms.
• consists of several pairs of descriptive statements
Background Image: http://www.funny-potato.com/images/animals/jellyfish/jellyfish.jpg
CLASSIFICATION
• Linnaeus’s system of classification includes
seven levels.
• Listed from largest to smallest
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Classification
• Biologists place living things
in the classification system
based on phylogeny
(evolutionary relationships,
structure, development,
biochemistry, and behavior.
The Six Kingdoms
Organizing life in infinite
varieties
Kingdom Eubacteria
• True bacteria:
prokaryotic,
microscopic,
unicellular
• more than
10,000
species
identified
Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Ancient bacteria found
in extreme
environments like salt
lakes, deep ocean
vents and geysers.
• Unicellular
• Prokaryotic – live in
the absence of oxygen
Kingdom
Protista
• Unicellular &
multicellular
• some plantlike & some
animallike, but are not
plants, animals or fungi
• Eukaryote that lacks
complex organ systems
• Amoeba, Paramecium,
slime molds, giant kelp
Kingdom
Protista
• No single trait is unique to
protist
• Protists can be autotrophs
or heterotrophs, and a few
can switch between modes
• Some single-celled protists
can develop into a
nonmotile, dormant cyst
during hard times
Kingdom Fungi
• Decomposers
• Unicellular or
multicellular
• eukaryotic
• Heterotrophic
• Mushrooms,
yeast
Kingdom Plantae
• Multicellular oxygen
producers
• stationary eukaryotes
• most have cellulose
cell walls
• Chloroplasts
• Mosses, ferns,
flowering plants
Kingdom Animalia
•
•
•
•
•
Multicellular consumers; most able to move
no cell walls
most have specialized tissues & organs
Eukaryotic
Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals