Transcript Classification ppt

CLASSIFICATION
OF LIVING THINGS
CHAPTER 2
Bell Ringer 9/4/14
 Think about different ways you
classify things. List four groups of
things that humans classify, such as
library books. What happens when
you put something in the wrong
group? Can objects or ideas belong in
more than one group?
Objectives:
SPI 0807.5.1
 Explain why and how organisms are
classified.
 List the eight levels of classification.
 Explain scientific names.
 Describe how dichotomous keys help
in identifying organisms.
Classification
means organizing
living things into
groups based on their
similarities.
Why Classify?
 The classification of living things
makes it easier for biologist to answer
important questions such as:
1. How many known species there
are?
2. What are the defining
characteristics?
3. What are the relationships
Early Classification
systems
• Aristotle grouped animals according
to the way they moved
Scientists classify
living and extinct
organisms to make
them easier to study.
Organisms are
classified by
shared characteristics
and their
relationships between
one another.
The levels of
classification go
from very general
to very specific.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
The 8 levels: (pneumonic device)
 Domain..................................Did
 Kingdom...............................King
 Phylum..................................Philip
 Class.......................................Come
 Order......................................Over
 Family.....................................For
 Genus.....................................Grape
 Species....................................Soda
The science of
classifying
organisms is
called taxonomy.
Taxonomy was founded
by Linnaeus in the 1700s.
He classified things only
by their shared
characteristics.
Modern Taxonomists&
Look at
Researchers evolutionary
relationships
between animals
Recently found, buried Antarctic lake teems with new
life. Microbes living a lake deep under ice. Biologists
found these new living cells that have been living in
the lake’s pitch-black water at a frigid temperature of
0.49 degrees Celsius (31.1 degree Fahrenheit).
A branching diagram can
show relationships
between organisms.
Organisms that are more
closely related are closer
together on the
branching diagram.
Branching diagrams
Listen carefully. You will be practicing this in groups next.
When living things are
classified, they get a
scientific name.
The scientific name is
the same anywhere in
the world.
The 4 Rules to writing a
Scientific Name:
1. Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek.
2. The scientific name is always the genus and
species name together.
3. The genus is always written first and
capitalized. The species is second and is
always lower case.
4. The scientific name is always italicized or
underlined.
Example: Felis domesticus
Lion
Tiger
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Felidae
Felidae
Genus
Panthera
Panthera
Species
leo
tigris
With your elbow partner decide what is the same about the
lion and tiger? What is different?
Domains and Kingdoms
Bacteria are prokaryotic,
meaning they do NOT
have a nuclei.
All other living things are
eukaryotic and have
nuclei.
Scientists use 3 Domains:
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Prokaryotes (no nucleus,
single-celled organism)
Eukaryotes
(have nucleus)
Scientists use 6 Kingdoms:
1. Archaebacteria
2. Eubacteria
3. Protista
4. Plantae
5. Fungi
6. Animalia
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Archaebacteria
 Live in extreme environments (very hot or cold).
They have been on earth for about 3 billion years.
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Eubacteria
 Most bacteria live in Kingdom Eubacteria.
They live in many place all over earth and
even inside other organisms.
E. Coli lives in the intestines of animals and decompose
undigested food.
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
 Consists of unicellular and simple multicellular
organisms. Protista includes organisms that are not
plants, animals, or fungi.
Zooflagellates
Paramecium
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Plantae
 Plants are usually green
and make food by
photosynthesis. They are
complex, multicellular
organisms.
 In this kingdom, live the
oldest unitary organisms in
the world...
BRISTLECONE PINE
Known to surpass 5,000 years in age.
GIANT
SEQUOIA
This tree is no longer
considered the longest
living tree, but may
someday because they live
forever. Only dying when
an external physical event
kills the, e.g. fire or
erosion.
Oldest sequoia tree today 3,300
years of age and it’s the largest member
of Plantae
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Fungi
 They absorb food from
their surroundings. Fungi
are usually multicellular
(except yeast).
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
 Most move around and have nervous systems.
Animals are complex & multicellular.
Talking Turtles!
 Scientists study
“talking” turtles in
Brazilian Amazon.
"These
distinctive sounds made by turtles
give us unique insights into their behavior,
although we don't know what the sounds
mean," said Dr. Camila Ferrara, Aquatic
Turtle Specialist for the WCS Brazil
Program. "The social behaviors of these
reptiles are much more complex than
previously thought.”
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/201408/wcs-ss081414.php
Giant South American river turtle. The turtle is the largest
member of the side-necked turtle family and grows up to
nearly three feet in length.
EXIT TICKET
 Which domain has prokaryotic
organisms?
 Which domain has eukaryotic
organisms?