Transcript Chapter 14- Lifestyle Diseases

Chapter 14- Lifestyle
Diseases
Section 1- Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases
Section 2- Cardiovascular Diseases
Section 3- Cancer
Section 4- Living with Diabetes
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to………
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Describe how lifestyle can lead to disease.
Know the difference between controllable risk
factors and uncontrollable risk factors.
Apply two actions they can do to lower their
risk for developing a lifestyle disease later in
life.
Lifestyle Diseases
 Lifestyle
diseases are diseases that are
caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and
partly by other factors.
 Examples: atherosclerosis, heart disease,
stroke, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension,
many forms of cancer
 These diseases are the top causes of
death in the United States
Risk Factor
 When
determining if a person might
develop a disease, a doctor looks at a
person’s risk factors.
 A risk factor is anything that increases the
likelihood of injury, disease, or other health
problems.
 Controllable and uncontrollable risk factors
What Causes Lifestyle Diseases?
 Certain
habits, behaviors, and practices
such as poor eating habits, inactivity, or
smoking
 Factors
that we cannot control such as
age, gender, and heredity
Controllable Risk Factors
 These
include habits, behaviors, and
practices that we can change
 Examples:
 Your diet and body weight
 Your daily levels of physical activity
 Your level of sun exposure
 Smoking and alcohol abuse
Uncontrollable Risk Factors
 Some
risk factors that contribute to your
chances of developing a lifestyle disease
are out of your control.
 Examples:
 Age
 Gender
 Ethnicity
 Heredity
Terms
 Acute-
A disease that lasts for a short
period of time. Examples: flu, cold, strep
throat.
 Chronic- A disease that persists for a long
time. Health damaging behaviors particularly tobacco use, lack of physical
activity, and poor eating habits - are major
contributors to the leading chronic
diseases.
 What
is a lifestyle disease?
A disease that develops partly from your lifestyle
and partly by other factors
 What
things cause lifestyle diseases?
Smoking, tanning, unhealthy diet, overweight
 What
are the four controllable risk factors?
Sun exposure, activity level, diet, smoking/alcohol
abuse
 What
are the four uncontrollable risk
factors?
Age, heredity, gender, ethnicity
 What
does acute mean?
Short term illness
 What
does chronic mean?
Long term illness
Diseases Family Tree Assignment
 You
will create a family tree of diseases.
Please include as many family members
as possible. You will be responsible for
drawing a web of family members and
listing any diseases they had under their
name.
 Due
Date: Monday, November 8th
 This assignment is worth 15 points.
Chapter 14 Section 2
Cardiovascular Diseases
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to………
Summarize how one’s lifestyle can contribute to
cardiovascular disease
 Describe four types of cardiovascular diseases
 Identify ways you can lower your risk for
cardiovascular diseases
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Cardiovascular Diseases
 Your
heart and blood vessels make up
your cardiovascular system.
 The diseases that result from damage to
your heart and blood vessels are called
cardiovascular diseases.
 Aka CVDs
 Types of CVDs: heart attack, stroke,
atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure.
Risk Factors
 Certain
factors greatly increase your risk
of developing a cardiovascular disease,
these factors include:
 Smoking
 Being overweight
 High blood pressure
 High blood cholesterol
 Diabetes
Types of Cardiovascular Diseases
 Stroke
 High
Blood Pressure
 Heart Attack
 Atherosclerosis
Stroke
 Sudden
attacks of weakness or paralysis
(loss of muscle function) that occur when
blood flow to an area of the brain is
interrupted.
 Affects the arteries leading to and within
the brain
 Stroke is the third leading cause of death
in the United States, behind diseases of
the heart and cancer
High Blood Pressure
 The
force that blood exerts against the
inside walls of a blood vessel.
 When blood pressure is too high, it puts
extra strain on the walls of the vessels and
on the heart.
 Many people do not know their blood
pressure is high until they have a heart
attack or stroke.
Blood Pressure
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Blood pressure is expressed as two numbers
Systolic pressure- pressure found in the arteries
while the heart muscles are contracting
Diastolic pressure- pressure of the blood as it
continues to flow through the arteries between
heart beats
Normal blood pressure falls between 80/50 and
130/85 mm Hg
Blood pressure over 140/90 is considered high
Heart Attack
“A heart attack is when blood vessels that supply
blood to the heart are blocked, preventing enough
oxygen from getting to the heart. The heart
muscle dies or becomes permanently damaged.
Most heart attacks are caused by a blood clot that
blocks one of the coronary arteries. The coronary
arteries bring blood and oxygen to the heart. If the
blood flow is blocked, the heart starves for oxygen
and heart cells die.”
Atherosclerosis
 This
disease is categorized by the buildup
of fatty materials on the inside walls of the
arteries
 It is dangerous for 2 reasons:
 1. It can reduce or stop blood flow to
certain parts of the body
 2. These deposits can break free and
release clots into the bloodstream
Detecting CVD
 Check
blood pressure
 Electrocardiogram
 Ultrasound
 Angiography
Treating CVD
 Diet
and exercise
 Medicines
 Surgery
 Angioplasty
 Pacemakers
 Transplants
Preventing CVD
 Limit
consumption of fat and salt
 Keep your weight near recommended
levels
 Don’t smoke
 Get moving
 Have your blood pressure and cholesterol
checked regularly
 Relax
Turn to page 344
 You
are going to write a brief description
of each cardiovascular disease described.
 You are teaching this material to
elementary school children.
 How would you write it so they understand
the four different CVDs?
 Be creative!
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGEefEj
3pmw&feature=related
Chapter 14 Section 3
Cancer
Cancer
 Cancer-
a disease caused by uncontrolled
cell growth
 More than one million people in the United
States are diagnosed with cancer every
year.
 Cancer is the second leading cause of
death
 Cancer is more common in adults, but
teens can get some forms of cancer.
What is Cancer?
 Cancer
occurs when cells begin to grow
and multiply in an uncontrolled way
 Normal body cells grow and divide over a
period of time until they eventually die
 But cancer cells continue to grow and
divide and grow and divide
 Eventually they gather to form tumors
Tumors
 Tumors
are lumps that can interfere with
the body’s normal processes
 Malignant tumor is a mass of cells that
invades and destroys healthy tissue
 When a tumor spreads to the surrounding
tissues, it eventually damages vital organs
 Benign tumor is an abnormal, but usually
harmless cell mass
Cancer Cells
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Cancer cells are very
destructive to the body,
they tear through and
crush neighboring
tissues, strangle blood
vessels, and take
nutrients that are needed
by healthy cells.
Cells can travel, this is
called metastasis.
What Causes Cancer?
 Genetics
Carcinogens:
 Certain viruses (HPV)
 Radioactive and ultraviolet radiation
 Chemicals found in tobacco smoke
 Asbestos
Types of Cancer
 Breast,
prostate, respiratory, colon,
urinary, lymphoma, skin, leukemia,
ovarian, nervous system, cervical
 There are over 100 different types of
cancer
How do people know if they have
cancer?
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Extreme exhaustion
Swelling or lumps in certain parts of the body
Headaches
Blurred vision
Nausea
Problems with walking or balance
More infections
Unusual bleeding
Detecting Cancer
 Self-exams
 Biopsy
X
rays
 MRI
 Blood and DNA tests
Treating Cancer
 Surgery-
an operation can remove some
tumors
 Chemotherapy- use of drugs to destroy
cancer cells
 Radiation therapy- a beam of radiation is
fired at the tumor from outside the body
 Often doctors recommend a combination
of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation
 The
success of any treatment depends on
the type of cancer, how long the tumor has
been growing, and whether the cancer has
spread to other parts of the body
 How
can you help a person who has
cancer?