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WARM UP 3/14 (7 pts) Look through your notes and write 7 facts! NOTES Ch 12 3/4 Genetic Technology GENETIC ENGINEERING Changing genes (sections of DNA) in organisms RECOMBINANT DNA Joining pieces of DNA from 2 different organisms RESTRICTION ENZYMES – molecules that cut the DNA piece you need TRANSGENIC – any organism with genes from another organism in its DNA • When the spider gene is inserted into a goat, the goat produces a protein that is identical to that found in spider silk. This protein is extracted from the goat's milk to produce silk fibers, called BioSteel, which is used to make bulletproof vests. EX: Cotton - worms eat plant * spray with chemicals (wash away, cost $, pollute ground) * NOW – add in poisonous gene from bacteria, now cotton has poison in it to kill worms EX: Insulin Used to use animal insulin – not as good, and $ **Now – put human insulin gene in bacteria and it produces human insulin GM Foods • Broccoflower Bananas with vaccines • genetically engineered to carry vaccines for hepatitis B. • Just 10 hectares of the fruit would be enough to vaccinate all children under five years old in Mexico. • They have already developed potatoes to produce antigens to E coli and the Norwalk virus causes of diahorrea and hope to develop vaccines against measles, yellow fever, diptheria and polio. watermelon CORN – make it disease resistant and grow larger crop yields CORN VIDEO THE SUPERCOW • This fine specimen, known as the Belgian Blue, has experienced "double muscling" due to a gene that suppresses the production of myostatin, a protein that normally inhibits muscle growth after a certain point of development. • Meet the Enviropigs. They have cleaner manure and healthier meat, say their developers • Even though these Atlantic salmon are roughly the same age, the big one was genetically engineered to grow at twice the rate of normal salmon. VIDEO - salmon • What allows transgenic salmon to grow in winter? • What are some possible consequences if transgenic salmon escape from their pens into the ocean population? • How might transgenic salmon affect the evolution of other salmon populations? • Do you think the FDA should give Aquabounty permission to grow and sell transgenic salmon? Why or why not? VIDEO SALMON • These mice are glowing because scientists inserted a gene found in certain bioluminescent jellyfish into their DNA. That gene is a recipe for a protein that glows green when hit by blue or ultraviolet light. The protein is present throughout their bodies. As a result, their skin, eyes and organs give off an eerie light. PROS • • • • • Better taste, quality Lasts longer, storage Produce more, feed more Disease resistant Less pollution CONS • • • • • Health safety (allergies, what does) Ethics (should we be doing this?) Big companies own foods Disease wipe out all of a food Poor countries depend on rich CLONING • Making an exact copy of an organism from its DNA + can make org. without reproduction + can make org faster + can make something that was dead/extinct - Ethical - DNA problems/ mutation HUMAN GENOME • Project finished in 2002 • Mapped out all of the human base codes. + can find disease, etc early + can show possibility for disease - Ethical implications - DNA discrimination GENETIC SCREENING • Detecting problems in the DNA + Early detection to help with disease + Know before children - Could be discriminated against GENE THERAPY • (1990) • Genetically alter a cell with genetic defect + helps with disease - Not always work - Have to continue to do Only changes in organism, not in what they pass on Cannot change what pass on unless change the gametes • http://www.cfaitc.org/LessonPlans/pdf/407. pdf http://www.cfaitc.org/LessonPlans/pdf/408.pdf http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/features/gmfoods/ http://www.ehponline.org/science-ed/2005/gmfood.pdf http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/coming/coming.html • http://www.genome.gov/25520211 http://www.genome.gov/19519278 http://www.nclark.net/Genetics