Recombinant DNA Technologies
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Transcript Recombinant DNA Technologies
Recombinant DNA Technologies
A.DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
1. Bases:
A- Adenine
b.
C- Cytosine
c.
G- Guanine
d.
T- Thymine
-put together in a double-helical molecule
with A-T & C-G as the “rungs”
-form GENES
e. We have about 30,000 genes and they are
mapped by location on each chromosome
-”Human Genome Project”
f. We are 99.9% identical; .1% makes us unique
and different from Rob Marder (thank
heaven!)
a.
B. DNA fingerprinting
1. Find areas of variation
2. Hit with restriction enzymes
=>neat DNA cutting tools (listen for where
they came from!)
3. Run through a gel (electrophoresis)
a. After cutting, small particles move
fast, larger ones move slowly
b. Gives a banding pattern:
Gel Electrophoresis & Apparatus
Two examples to try:
-Crime Scene & Paternity
Testing (Maury Povich
style!)
C. Gene Therapy
1. Problems with gene expression lead to faulty
molecules, especially enzymes
-cannot do their jobs
2. examples: Cystic Fibrosis & Tay Sachs
diseases
3. Idea: replace bad genes with good ones that
make the proper molecule
And theoretically “fix” the problem
4. How can we deliver the new genes?
(i.e. what do we know that inserts genes over
existing ones…. Think “poison”)
Called “vectors”
D. Cloning
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Genetically identical copies
Replace nucleus of egg w/ compat. Adult
DIPLOID nucleus and jolt w/ electricity
Age of clone- new or as old as donated
DNA?
Just because we can, does that mean we
should?
Examples:
E. PCR- Polymerase Chain Reaction
1.Takes small
amounts of DNA
and copies it
millions of times
2. Useful when DNA
quantities are
minute
-crime scenes
-archeological
finds
F. Transgenic organisms
1. Organisms with foreign DNA spliced into it
2. Examples:
a. Bacteria- make chemicals that we need
1) insulin (rather than from a dead pig’s organ)
2) fertilizers
3) hormones
4) nutrasweet (phenylalanine- watch out PKU
people)
5) Spider silk for manufacturing
b. Plants
1) Resist frost (Arctic flounder gene)
2) Disease resistance
Transgenic organisms continued:
c. Animals
1. Goats that produce anticlotting protein
2. Glowing Rabbits:
-Fun , but actually are
“markers”
3. “Human” Mice
Benefit?
4. Rejection –resistant pigs
for organ transplants into
humans
(xenotransplantation)
Example of how we generate HUMAN insulin
from bacteria:
•What are some benefits to utilizing this method?
•How did Diabetics get their insulin before this was
developed?
•Hint: Our friend, the pig
Genetic engineering funnies