Transcript Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering
What Is This?
• Do you hear what I hear?
Selective Breeding
• Allowing only those animals with
desired characteristics to produce
the next generation
• Humans use selective breeding to
pass desired traits on to the next
generation of organisms
• Inbreeding- develop pure lines
• Hybrid- usually bigger and
stronger
Examples of Selective Breeding
Genetic Engineering
• Transgenic organisms contain
recombinant DNA (foreign DNA)
• 3 Step Process
–1. Isolate - cleave via restriction
enzymes
–2. Attach – “sticky ends”
–3. Transfer – vector, usually
bacterial DNA
Tobacco with “Firefly DNA”
Gel Electrophoresis
DNA Sequencing
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Applications of DNA Technology or
Biotechnology
• Cloning
• Recombinant DNA in technology,
medicine, and agriculture
• Transgenic organisms
• Gene therapy
–Sheep alpha-1 antitrypsin for
treatment of emphysema
–Goats CFTR protein for treatment
of Cystic Fibrosis
Transgenic Animals
• Transgenic livestock have been
produced with extra copies of growth
hormone genes
• Such animals grow faster and produce
meat that is less fatty than that from
ordinary animals
• Efforts are now underway to produce
transgenic chickens that will be
resistant to the bacterial infections that
sometimes cause food poisoning
Transgenic Plants
• (2000) 52 % of the soybeans and 25 %
of the corn grown in the United States
were transgenic
• Many contain genes that produce a
natural insecticide, so the crops do not
have to be sprayed with synthetic
pesticides
• Others have genes that enable them to
resist weed-killing chemicals
Cloned Animals
Gene Therapy
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