Transcript Organic Compounds - West Branch Schools

What is Organic Chemistry?
What do you know about
Carbon?
Carbon Compounds (2.3)
Organic Chemistry
Carbon has 4 valence
electrons
Macromolecules
“giant molecules”
Formed by polymerization
Small units (Monomers) join
together to form polymers
Four groups of Organic Cmpds.
Found in Living things
1. Carbohydrates - made up of C, H, O 1:2:1
 Main source of energy for living things
 Structural in plants and some animals
 Glucose broken down, supplies energy
 Extra sugar stored as complex CHO
STARCH
starch = polymer
sugar molecules = monomers
Monosaccharides
-single sugar molecule
-glucose, galactose, fructose
Polysaccharides
-formed from monosacc.
-extra sugar stored in glycogen
Carbohydrates
Starch
Glucose
Lipids
 Insoluble in water
 Made mostly from C and H
 Fats, oils, waxes
 Used to store energy
 Part of biological membranes and
waterproof coverings
 Steroids (chemical messengers, ex.
cholesterol) are lipids
Structure of Lipids
Glycerol + fatty acids (fig.2-14)
Saturated-each C in the F.A. is
joined to a C by single bond
(F.A. contains the max. no. H
atoms)
Unsaturated-at least one C-C
double bond in the F.A.
Polyunsaturated-F.A. contains
more than one double bond
Unsaturated-liquid at room
temp.
Cooking oils = polyunsaturated
Nucleic Acids
Macromolecules made up of H,
O, N, C, P
Polymers assembled from
nucleotides (monomers)
Nucleotides made of 3 parts:
1. Nitrogenous bases (A, G, C, T)
2. Phosphate group
3. 5-carbon sugar
Nucleic acids
Store and transmit genetic
information
Two kinds of N.A.
1. RNA (ribose)
2. DNA (deoxyribose)
The structure of a nucleic acid
Nucleotide
Nucleotides
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Proteins
 Macromolecules, contain C, H, O, N
 Made up of amino acids *peptide bonds
-amino group
-carboxyl group
-More than 20 different A.A. in nature
-the side chain called the R-group is
different
-Dehydration synthesis vs. hydrolysis
Functions of Proteins
Control rate of reactions
Regulate cell processes
Used to form bones, muscles
Transport materials into or out of
cells
Help fight disease
Up to 4 levels of organization