Transcript Life of the Past

Macromolecules
Molecules important to life
Macromolecule
Carbohidrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Elements Building Structure/
Block
Function
Example
s
Notes:
Elements in Macromolecules
Macromolecules have:
• Carbon (C )
• Hidrogen (H)
• Oxygen (O)
• Nitrogen (N)
• Phosphorus(P)
• Sulfate (S)
Functional Groups
• NH2- amino
• OH- alcohol : polar
• COOH- carboxylic
Carbohydrates
Building Block: sugars (saccharide)
Function: Source of Energy/precursor
Examples of structure:
(Examples in food)
Example:
glucose
Lipids- fats
Building Block: Fatty acids
Function:
– Store energy, form cell membrane,
Examples of structure:
Examples in food
Example:Fat cells
Proteins
Building Block: amino acids/amino acidos
Functions: fight infection, source of energy, act
as enzyme, carriers
Examples in food
Example: hemoglobin
in red blood cells
Example:
keratin in hair
Nucleic Acids
Building Block: Nucleotides
Function: Form DNA and RNA. Used for
transmitting and storing the genetic code.
Structure:
Examples:
DNA
RNA
Types of Carbohydrates
Monossaccharide- 1 unit of sugar.
Dissaccharide- 2 units of sugar.
Polyssaccharide – More than
2 units of sugar.
Proteins Formed
• The order of the amino acids determine
the protein formed.
Types of lipids
1.Saturated- solids at room temperature (NO double
bonds between carbons)
-C-C-
2. Unsaturated- liquids at room temperature ( 1
double bond between carbons)
-C=C-
3. Polyunsaturated- (more than 1 double bond
between carbons)
c=c-c=c
Nucleotides in Nucleic Acids
• Nucleotides are composed of a sugar
molecule, nitrogen base, and a phosphate
group.
Imortant Reactions
condensation - Remove water to form larger
molecules.
Hydrolysis: Add water to break up molecules.