Transcript Organic Compounds

Organic
Compounds
Carbohydrates, Lipids,
Proteins & Nucleic Acids
Carbon
 Why



is carbon so special?
Atomic # ______
______valence electrons
Can make up to 4 ____________ bonds
 Building
block for the biomolecules of life!
Macromolecules
4




Macromolecules
____________
____________
____________
____________ ____________
 People
Love Chicken Nuggets
Macromolecules
 Every

macromolecule has
____________
 Single

unit of a whole
____________
 Many
units or monomers bonded together
Carbohydrates
 Made
of ____________, ____________, &
____________

Unique 1:2:1 pattern
 Used
for energy mostly and sometimes for
structure in plants
 Monomer: ________________
 2 monomers: _______________
 Polymer: ________________
Units of Carbs
 There



____________– our energy source
____________ - sweetener
____________– not as common
 There



are 3 monosaccharides
are 3 polysaccharides
____________– how we store carbs
____________– how plants store carbs
____________– structure in plants
Lipids
 Made
of ____________ & ____________
 Does not dissolve in water
 High ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms
 3 types of lipids



____________
____________
____________
Triglycerides
Triglycerides - FATS
 Saturated

Have no ____________ ____________ in their
fatty acid chains – maximum # of H atoms
 Straight


Fat
chain
Usually ____________ fats
____________ at room temp
Triglycerides – OILS
 Unsaturated

Have at least one ____________ ____________
in their fatty acid chain
 Forms


Fat
a kink in the chain
Usually ____________ and from plants
____________ at room temp
Phospholipid
Phospholipid
 Found
in all our cells
 Makes up the cell ____________
 2 layers of phospholipids  ____________
____________
Phospholipid Bilayer
Wax
 ______fatty
acid chain to a glycerol
 Waterproof
 Create protective layer in animals and
plants
Steroids - hormones
Steroids
 ____________
carbon rings linked together
 Usually our ____________
 Ex: ____________ is found in our cell
membranes
 http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/obesi
ty/obesity_molecular/01.html
 http://www.wisconline.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=
AP13204
Protein
 Macromolecules
with ____________,
____________, ____________, and __________
 Monomer: ____________ ____________
 2 monomers: _______________
 Polymer: _______________
Amino Acids
 Each



amino acid has three main groups
____________ group
____________ group
______ group (changes)
 Change
the formation and properties of the
amino acid
Amino Acid
Glycine
R group
 The
R group makes each amino acid
different
 There are _____ possible amino acids
based off this one group
 The R group is = ____________
Proteins
 Peptide
bond = covalent
bond
 Links amino acids together
 For every peptide bond, one molecule of
water is formed
Video
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va0D
NJId_CM
Video
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lijQ3a
8yUYQ
Fold it!
 Help
scientists figure out protein folding
 This game is open to the public
 The first hundred puzzles are known
proteins
 But many proteins are not decoded and
scientists are asking for our help to figure
them out
 http://fold.it/
Enzymes
 Proteins
are in our bodies everywhere!
 Enzyme is a type of protein that is a
____________

Catalyst starts a reaction
 Produce
____________
Enzymes
 Each
enzyme has an area known as the
____________ ____________
 Where a specific molecule binds and a
reaction occurs

The molecule binding is called a ______________
Enzyme conditions
 Enzymes


work at a specific conditions
____________
____________
 Causes
enzyme to change shape and
lose its function
 http://www.sumanasinc.com/webconten
t/animations/content/proteinstructure.ht
ml
 http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/obesi
ty/obesity_molecular/01.html
 http://www.wisconline.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=
AP13204
Nucleic Acids
 Contains
____________, ____________,
____________, ____________, and
____________
Nucleic Acids
 Monomer



= ____________
5 carbon ____________
____________ group
____________ base
Properties
 Store
genetic information
 Two kinds of nucleic acids


____________
____________