The Chemistry of Life
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Transcript The Chemistry of Life
StAIR (Stand Alone Instructional Resource)
Science Content Standard:
Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides,
nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are
synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors.
Objectives:
You will develop an understanding about the structures
and functions of proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and
nucleic acids
You will learn about the presence of the different
macromolecules found in a variety of foods.
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The Nature of Matter
• Structure of an atom
• Elements
• Molecules
• Compounds
Organic Chemistry
• Polymers
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
Matter is everything around you. It is
anything that has a mass and its made
up of very small particles called atoms.
The word Atom comes from the Greek
word atomos meaning“unable to cut”
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Composed of
• Protons = positive charge (+)
• Electrons = negative charge (-)
• Neutrons are neutral
Protons and neutrons cluster in the nucleus
while Electrons (e-) 'orbit' the nucleus.
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Pure chemical substance consisting of
one type of atom. There are 92 elements
occur naturally and 25 are essential to
living organisms. Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen and Nitrogen (C,H,O,N) make up
about 96% of the mass of a human.
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A molecule is formed when two or
more atoms join together chemically.
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Substances made of 2 or more
elements
Examples: H2O (water)
NaCl (table salt)
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Quiz
What is the charge of an
electron?
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
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Composed of
• Protons = positive charge (+)
• Electrons = negative charge (-)
• Neutrons are neutral
Protons and neutrons cluster in the nucleus
while Electrons (e-) 'orbit' the nucleus.
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Matter is anything
that has _____
a)Weight
b)Pounds
c)Mass
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can not
remember
Matter is everything around you. It is
anything that has a mass and its made
up of very small particles called atoms.
The word Atom comes from the Greek
word atomos meaning“unable to cut”
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Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, and Nitrogen
make up about ____
of the mass of a human.
a)95%
b)96%
c)97%
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can not
remember
Pure chemical substance consisting of
one type of atom. There are 92 elements
occur naturally and 25 are essential to
living organisms. Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen and Nitrogen (C,H,O,N) make up
about 96% of the mass of a human.
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Which one is an element?
a)Carbon Dioxide
b)Nitrogen
c)Water
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can not
remember
Pure chemical substance consisting of
one type of atom. There are 92 elements
occur naturally and 25 are essential to
living organisms. Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen and Nitrogen (C,H,O,N) make up
about 96% of the mass of a human.
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Table of
Contents
The study of compounds containing
carbon atoms. They can form straight
lines, branched chains, or rings.
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Large molecules composed of many similar
smaller molecules linked together. The individual
smaller molecules are called monomers. When
giant molecules are produced, macromolecules
are formed. There are four major biological
macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
and Nucleic Acids.
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Made up C, H, O and used by living
things as their main source for energy.
Their monomers are called
monosaccharides.
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Made up of C, H, O. They are also
known as fats, oils, and waxes and are
highly insoluble in water. They are
used for energy storage, insulation,
waterproof covering membranes. Their
monomers are fatty acids
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Made up of C, H, O, N. Provides
structure for tissue and organs and
carries out cell metabolism. Others act
as enzymes and antibodies used by the
immune system. Their monomers are
amino acids.
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Made up of C, H, O, N, P arranged in
three groups: a base, a simple sugar,
and a phosphate. They store and
transmit genetic information in the form
of a code. Two examples are DNA and
RNA. Their monomers are nucleotides.
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Quiz
The monomers for lipids are
a) Carbohydrates
b) Nucleotides
c) Fatty Acids
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can not
remember
Made up of C, H, O. They are also
known as fats, oils, and waxes and are
highly insoluble in water. They are
used for energy storage, insulation,
waterproof covering membranes. Their
monomers are fatty acids
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This macromolecule is
used by all living things
as their primary source
for energy.
a)Carbohydrates
b)Proteins
c)Lipids
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Made up C, H, O and used by living
things as their main source for energy.
Their monomers are called
monosaccharides.
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These molecules can
act as enzymes and
antibodies
a)Carbohydrates
b)Proteins
c)Lipids
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can not
remember
Made up of C, H, O, N. Provides
structure for tissue and organs and
carries out cell metabolism. Others act
as enzymes and antibodies used by the
immune system. Their monomers are
amino acids.
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Macromolecules that can
store genetic information
a)Carbohydrates
b)Nucleic Acids
c)Proteins
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can not
remember
Made up of C, H, O, N, P arranged in
three groups: a base, a simple sugar,
and a phosphate. They store and
transmit genetic information in the form
of a code. Two examples are DNA and
RNA. Their monomers are nucleotides.
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a)Lipids
b)Carbohydrates
c)Proteins
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The monomers for
carbohydrates are
a)Fatty Acids
b)Nucleotides
c)Monosaccharides
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can not
remember
Made up C, H, O and used by living
things as their main source for energy.
Their monomers are called
monosaccharides.
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question
Which table matches the polymer
with its correct polymer?
1. Polymer
Monomer
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Lipids
Nucleotides
Proteins
Fatty Acids
Nucleic Acids
Amino Acids
2.
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Lipids
Fatty Acids
Proteins
Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
1
or
2
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THE END…Excellent work!!. Return to
The Table of Contents
Citing Sources
Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Commons, 19 July 2012. Web.
<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page>.
"GIFs-Paradise.com » 27,000 Free Animated GIF Images Graphics." GIFsParadise.com. N.p., n.d. 2012. <http://www.gifs-paradise.com/>.
"Matter Is the Stuff Around You." Chem4Kids.com: Matter. N.p., 2012.
Web. <http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_intro.html>.
"Royalty Free Stock Images: Common Chemical Compounds."
Dreamstime. N.p., 2012. Web. 12 Aug. 2012.
<http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-images-commonchemical-compounds-image6533029>.
Miller, and Levine. Biology. Boston: Pearson Education, 2007. Print.