Transcript Macromolecules

AGENDA
Standard
 Macromolecules Graphic Organizer

Independent
 Group
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Macromolecule Activity
STANDARD
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SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the
relationships between structures and functions in
living cells.
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c. Identify the function of the four major
macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids).
MACROMOLECULES
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You will work on filling out information for each
of the macromolecules on your own.
 Spend
about 20 minutes filling it out on your on, see pages 5963 (READ )
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We will then go over them together to make sure
you’ve got it all.
INTRODUCTION
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All compounds can be classified into 2 broad
categoriges:
Organic compounds – contain carbon and hydrogen
atoms
 Inorganic compounds – can have carbon or hydrogen,
but not both
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MACROMOLECULES
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Most of your body’s molecules are organic compounds
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Macromolecules are built from small organic compounds the
same way a railroad train is built, by linking a lot of smaller
units together into long chains
Large carbon compounds are built up from smaller simpler molecules
called monomers (mono = one)
 Monomers can bind to one another to form complex molecules known as
polymers (poly = many)
 A polymer consists of repeated, linked units, which can also bind
forming large polymers called macromolecules (macro = large)
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MACROMOLECULES
Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical
reaction called condensation reaction or dehydration
synthesis. During the formation of polymers, Water
(H2O), is released or is by-product of the reaction.
 The breakdown of some complex molecules, such as
polymers, occurs through a process known as hydrolysis.
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 Hydrolysis
is the reverse of a condensation reaction. The
addition of water, to some polymers can break the bonds that
hold them together.
CARBOHYDRATES
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Made up of C, H, and O.
Monomer: saccharides
Disaccharides are made
up of two saccharides,
polysaccharides are
made up of more than
two.
Functions:
Energy storage
 Structural components of
cells
 Cell recognition
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LIPIDS
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Made up of C, H, O, and P
Monomer: fatty acids
Can be fats, waxes, or
steroids
Triglycerides are common
lipids made up of glycerol
linked to three fatty acid
chains in the shape of an
“E”
Functions:
Energy storage
 Membrane structure
 Water barrier
 Hormones
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PROTEINS
Made up of C, H, N, O, P, and S
 Monomer: amino acid
 Functions:
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Catalyze reactions (enzymes)
 Cell signaling and communication
 Transportation
 Structure
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NUCLEIC ACIDS
Made up of C, H, N, O, and
P.
 Monomer: Nucleotide
(nitrogen base + phosphate
group + pentose sugar)
 Functions:
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Store and transmit
hereditary information
 Energy carriers
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