Transcript European Renaissance – “rebirth in learning”

European
Renaissance
1350 - 1600
What was the
Renaissance?
…a “rebirth” in learning and
doing
…a challenge of the “status quo”
…encouragement within society
to
“think outside of
the box” and
”carpe
diem”
…the beginning of the modern
era in
world history, by
recreating the
greatness of the classical
civilizations
…an incredible time in which
thinking leapt beyond the
Where did the
Renaissance
happen?
… modern-day Italy
(Florence,
Rome,
Venice, Milan and
Naples)
... thus spreading
throughout all
of
Europe from Italy to
Germany, France, the
Netherlands and,
Who, or what, was
effected
by the
Renaissance?
… “everyone” and
“everything”
was in
one way or another
affected by the renaissance
ideas.
… areas that changed,
included
artistic,
literary, religious,
How and why did the Renaissance
happen?
… a strong desire, or thirst, for knowledge
that had been forgotten about since classical
times.
… out of necessity, as society was too
curious
about every aspect of life and
existence,
which led to a “rebirth” in
Commercia
l: global banking;
world markets and
economies.
Exploratio
n: discovery;
exploration and
conquest; “Glory, God
and Gold”.
Science:
seeking the truth about
the reality of nature;
science vs.
religion/superstition.
Art: life-like
realism in society;
religious influence;
idealism.
Areas
of the
Renaissanc
e
Literatur
e: tragedy,
comedy, drama;
entertainment
with messages
about society.
Religion:
religious controversy
that split church into
Roman Catholic and
Protestant.
Art
s
• Humanism: a study of classical Greek and
Roman culture; focus on individual
achievement
• Petrarch: 1st humanist; created libraries
and encouraged knowledge
• Patron: a supporter of the arts
• De Medici: a wealthy Italian family who
supported renaissance art
• Donatello: life-like statues and
sculptures
with classical influence
• Raphael: combine Christian and classical
paintings; School of Athens
• Michelangelo: sculptor and painter; La
Pieta, David, Moses and Sistine Chapel
• Da Vinci: “true renaissance man”; artist,
inventor, designer, painter, scientist…;
Mona Lisa, Last Supper
• Anguissola: “female” court painter
• Brunelleschi: architect; designer of
domes
------• Durer: copper and woodcut engravings;
book illustrations; Da Vinci-like
• Van Eyck: realistic paintings of town
• Bruegel: paintings of countryside and
village scenes; criticized problems in
society
• Rubens: combination painter; classical
and realistic daily life
Literatur
e
• Castiglione: writer; handbook for
idealistic court behavior; “wellrounded” person; ideal man and
woman
• Machiavelli: described ideal
governments and leaders; “feared
than loved”; The Prince
• Erasmus: church needs to
return to simple message of
bible; wrote about ending
church corruption
• More: wrote about an ideal
society; “utopia”
• Rabelias: editorials about
society; Gargantua and
Pantagruel
• Shakespeare: playwright; plays of
virtue and mortality; Hamlet, Macbeth,
Romeo/Juliet and Julius Caesar
• Cervantes: mocked medieval society
and chivalry; Don Quixote
• Guttenberg: printing press; allows
knowledge and learning to become
widespread
Religion
• Roman-Catholic: dominant religion of
Europe, but seen as flawed by many
• Indulgences: selling of pardons for sins by
the church; corrupt means of making
money; leads to Christian church split
• Luther: disliked church corruption and
encouraged change; “salvation through
faith”; posted 95 theses; founder of
Protestant church
• Peace of Augsburg: (1555) meeting
that allowed religious freedom in
Europe; Roman-Catholic and Protestant
Protestant (North) vs. Catholic (South)
Scienc
e
• Ptolemy: “geocentric”
• theory of universe; earth-centered
• Copernicus: “heliocentric” theory of universe;
sun-centered
• Brahe: astronomy
• Kepler: orbits of planets
• Galileo: 1st telescope;
“heliocentric” ideas
contradicted church; Inquisition
• Scientific Method: logical method to
discover ‘truth’ and knowledge
• Bacon: science can help humanity
conquer nature and end suffering
• Decartes: everything must be proven;
inquiry; “I think therefore I am”
• Newton: greatest scientist; motion
and gravity; opened scientific thinking
• Boyle: chemistry
• Vesalius: anatomy; muscle and
tissue
• Pare: infections; stitches
• Harvey: heart; circulation of the
blood
• Leeuwenhoek: microscope
Age of
Exploration
…Renaissance ideas led to global curiosity
and discovery, thus leading to further
exploration with the way being paved by the
leading nations of Europe…
Portugal
Spain
England
France
Netherlands
Characteristics of
Exploration…
• Commercial Revolution (moneylending) encouraged new ideas,
methods and voyages; Dutch, Jews
and monarchies
• Desire to reach the exotic Far East
wealth and luxury goods…by-pass the
dangers of the Silk Road
• “Glory, God and Gold”
• Collision of cultures…”superior vs.
inferior”…cultural destruction
Age of Exploration
Explorers -
Dias (1487-1488)
• Portugal
• rounded southern
tip
of Africa
Columbus (1492)
• Spain
• West Indies/
New World
Da Gama (1497-1498)
• Portugal
• 1st to reach India
Vespucci (1497-1502)
• Spain
• West Indies,
South America
• “Americas”
Cabral (1500)
• Portugal
• Brazilian coast
Balboa (1513)
• Spain
• Pacific Ocean
Magellan (1509-1522)
• Spain
• 1st to
circumnavigate
the globe
De Leon (1513)
• Spain
• “Fountain of Youth”
Cortes (1519-1521)
• Spain
• Conquered Aztecs
Pizarro (1531)
• Spain
• Conquered Incas
Coronado (1540-1542)
• Spain American
Southwest
Drake (1577-1580)
• England
• 1st English explorer to
circumnavigate the globe
…to finance all of the above endeavors
from arts, literature, religion, science
and exploration; the renaissance needed
“means” to gain their “ends”. So to
fulfill this monetary need, monarchies,
patrons and other sources stepped up
to support the renaissance spirit.
These supporters also included the…
Dutch &
Jews
…these financial sources lead to the creation of
the Commercial Revolution, or modern-day
banking…
…all of these incredible events and intriguing
people changed the world and laid the