Transcript European Imperialism

European Imperialism
What is Imperialism?
• Domination of foreign lands and people in order to
gain raw materials and markets
• Attempts to spread economic and political influence
around the world
Discussion Question
•What are the three (main) types of
Imperialism?
Types of Imperialism
• Colony
• Territory completely dominated by the parent country,
direct rule
• Protectorate
• Territory whose policies and government are guided by
another country
• Sphere of Influence
• Area in a country where a foreign power had exclusive
rights in trade or investment
Changes in Europe
• Europe began to…which was caused by
• Renaissance
• Reformation
• Scientific Revolution
• Enlightenment
• What did these movements do?
Motivations for Exploration
• Europe was not one of the major centers of world
power (Who kicks ass? Who else is pretty awesome?)
• Were dependent on trade with Asia (China had cool
stuff)
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Motivations for Exploration
• Existing trade routes:
• ???
• ???
• ???
• What’s the problem??
• Dangerous
• Expensive
• Not controlled by Europeans
• With whom did they normally have to trade for products from
Asia?
• So, what did they do?
15th century trade
routes
Motivations for Exploration
• “GOLD, GLORY, GOD!”
• Acquiring treasure and riches
• Promise of fame and prestige
• Spread Christianity to newly conquered peoples
• Gain Raw Materials and New Markets
• Industrial Revolution
• Capitalism
• National Rivalries
• Colonies seen as evidence of political power
• National competition
New technologies for Exploration
• Compass
• ???
• Astrolabe
• ???
• Cartography
• ???
• Clocks
• ???
New technologies for Exploration
• Weapons
• ???
• What on ships?
Lateen Sail
• Ship construction
• Lateen sails on multiple
masts
• Developed by whom?
• Allows ships
• Ship rudder on stern
• Caravel
Ship Rudder
Exploration
• To circumvent … Europeans, led by the Portuguese
and quickly followed by the Spanish...
• Portugal
• Sailed …
• Gained … East Asian Spice …
• European Trade …
European trade routes
Exploration
• Spain
• Remember the rivalries
• Columbus:
• Italian sailor and navigator
• What was he doing?
• 1492 CE –
Exploration
• Spain
• Where was he really?
• Believing he was in India…
• Returned to Spain …
• RESULT: Spain competes
with Portugal to discover
new trade opportunities
and a “new world” was
“discovered”
Discussion Question
•What was the primary difference in the
goals of Spanish and Portuguese
Imperialism?
Overseas Empires and the Atlantic World
• Spain and Portugal continued to compete for supremacy in
overseas trade throughout the 16th century. Spain was...
Portugal followed suite, though were always more interested
in …
• Because Spain…
• Both received what?
• Other Europeans soon followed (French, Dutch, English)
Wealth Derived from the Americas
The Rise of the Atlantic World
• Wealth derived from Americas and other overseas
empires caused a shift from Mediterranean to
Atlantic World. Drastic changes would soon follow
• General Effects:
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