Transcript PowerPoint
• 4/17 Focus: – Europeans, seeking a greater share of the rich Asian spice trade, began to make oceanic voyages of exploration in the 1400’s • Important Terms: – Cartography • Do Now: – What impact did the Ottomans have on European trade with Asia The Age of Exploration Early Voyages of Exploration • Factors that increased European interests in trade with Asia – Crusades – Pax Mongolia – Marco Polo’s travels • European trade with Asia had been disrupted by Ottomans control of E. Mediterranean – Byzantine falls – Constantinople becomes Istanbul • • Italian and Muslim merchants controlled trade routes to Asia – Acted as a middleman between W. Europe and Asia • Muslim traders brought the goods to the Mediterranean • Italian traders brought the goods to Europe • Increased prices of goods • Europeans wanted to gain direct access to trade with Asia – Began seeking ocean routes to Asia • Some Europeans motivated by desire to spread Christianity • Others by adventure and Glory • The renaissance led to new developments in technology and scientific knowledge – The Printing Press • Gutenberg developed moveable type printing press • Increased the spread of ideas and information – Geography • Mapmaking and Navigation – Compass – Astrolabe and Sextant • Instruments which helped sailors navigate the seas – Improvements in cartography • Use of lines of latitude • Maps showing ocean currents Sextant Astrolabe (1532) Mariner’s Compass • Improvements in shipbuilding – Advances in shipbuilding lead to the creation of ships that could sail long distances • Learned shipbuilding techniques from Arabs – Stern rudders – Triangular sails • The Caravel – ship developed by the Portuguese – Faster and capable of holding more cargo – Could sail in shallow water • Allowed for the exploration of coastlines and inlets • Identify one factor that increased Europe’s interest in trade with Asia? • Why did Europeans begin searching for a sea route to Asia? • Identify one technological development that allowed the Europeans to begin searching for sea routes to Asia? • 4/23 Focus: – Portugal and Spain both had technology, resources, and political unity to support sea travel and exploration – Identify one example of how cultural diffusion helped European exploration. • • Two western European nations that led early attempts at exploration in Europe • located on the Iberian Peninsula – Looked to the Atlantic for trade routes to Asia • Portuguese prince who established a school for sailors in Portugal in 1419 – School was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with Africa and Asia • Portugal becomes a leader in this area – Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of West Africa • Portuguese sailor who sailed around the tip of Africa in 1487 – The Cape of Good Hope • Portuguese sailor who traveled around Africa to Calcutta, India in 1498 • Campaign by Christians to recapture Spain from Muslim rule – Spain and Portugal Conquered by Muslim invaders in 8th century • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella take the last Muslim province in Spain (1492) • Began Spanish inquisition to create religious unity • Financed voyages to find new routes to Asia • Venetian sailor working for Spain crosses the Atlantic with three ships and discovers the “New World” – Believed Asia could be reached by sailing west from Spain • Believed it was about 2,000 miles from Spain • Estimated it to be a 2month journey – Left Lisbon, Spain on August 3,1492 – Lands on a small island in the Bahamas on October 12,1492 • Names the island San Salvador • Vikings had sailed west to North America several centuries before Columbus • Leif Ericksson explored a area west of Greenland that Vikings called Vinland – Historians believe that Vinland was North America • Archaeologists have found Viking settlements in Newfoundland • Portuguese sailor who found South America – Had been attempting to sail around Africa – Sailed too far west and landed the coast of modern day Brazil • Portuguese sailor who became the first person to circumnavigate the globe – Sail completely around the world • Spain and Portugal both claimed the Americas • Pope Alexander VI divided the non European world between Spain and Portugal – Line of Demarcation • West went Spain • East went to Portugal • Identify one reason why Spain and Portugal came to dominate exploration in the Atlantic? • What is the significance of Vasco de Gama’s voyages of exploration?