Transcript European Renaissance – “rebirth in learning”

European Renaissance
1350 - 1600
What was the Renaissance?
…a “rebirth in learning and doing”
…a “challenge of the status quo”
…encouragement within society to
“think outside of the box”
…the beginning of the modern era in world
history, by recreating the greatness of the
classical civilizations
…an incredible time in which thinking leapt
beyond the capabilities of civilization
Where did the Renaissance take place at?
… modern-day Italy (Florence, Rome,
Venice, Milan and Naples)
... thus spreading throughout all of
Europe from Italy to Germany,
France, the Netherlands and,
eventually, England.
Who, or what, was effected by the
Renaissance?
… “everyone” was in one way or
another affected by the renaissance
ideas.
… areas that changed, included
artistic, literary, religious, scientific,
exploratory and commercial
endeavors at every level of society.
How and why did the Renaissance
happen?
… a strong desire, or thirst, for
knowledge that had been forgotten
about since classical times.
… out of necessity, as society was
too curious about every aspect of life
and existence, which led to a
“rebirth” in human curiosity.
Commercial:
Art: life-like
global banking; world
markets and economies.
realism in society;
religious influence;
idealism.
Exploration:
discovery; exploration
and conquest; “Glory,
God and Gold”.
Areas
of the
Renaissance
Science: seeking
the truth about the reality of
nature; science vs.
religion/superstition.
Literature:
tragedy, comedy,
drama; entertainment
with messages about
society.
Religion:
religious controversy
that split church into
Roman Catholic and
Protestant.
Arts
Humanism: a study of classical Greek and
Roman culture
Petrarch: 1st humanist; created libraries
and encouraged knowledge
Patron: a supporter of the arts
De Medici: a wealthy Italian family who
supported renaissance art
Donatello: life-like statues and
sculptures with classical influence
Raphael: combine Christian and
classical images; School of Athens
Michelangelo: sculptor and painter; La
Pieta, David, Moses and Sistine Chapel
Da Vinci: “true renaissance man”;
artist, inventor, designer, painter,
scientist…; Mona Lisa, Last Supper
Anguissola: “female” court painter
Brunelleschi: architect and designer;
domes
------Durer: copper and woodcut
engravings; book illustrations
Van Eyck: realistic paintings of town
life
Bruegel: paintings of countryside and
village scenes; criticized problems in
society
Rubens: combination painter; classical
and realistic daily life
Literature
Castiglione: writer; handbook for
idealistic court behavior; “wellrounded” person; ideal man and
woman
Machiavelli: described ideal
governments and leaders; “feared
than loved”; The Prince
-------------------
Erasmus: church needs to return to
simple message of bible; wrote about
ending church corruption
More: wrote about an ideal society;
“utopia”
Rabelias: editorials about society;
Gargantua and Pantagruel
Shakespeare: playwright; plays of
virtue and mortality; Hamlet,
Macbeth, Romeo/Juliet and Julius
Caesar
Cervantes: mocked medieval society
and chivalry; Don Quixote
Guttenberg: printing press; allows
knowledge and learning to become
widespread
Religion
Roman-Catholic: dominant religion of
Europe, but seen as flawed by many
Indulgences: selling of pardons for sins
by the church; corrupt means of making
money; leads to Christian church split
Luther: disliked church corruption and
encouraged change; posted 95 theses;
founder of Protestant church
Peace of Augsburg: (1555) meeting
that allowed religious freedom in
Europe; Roman-Catholic and
Protestant
Protestant (North)
Vs.
Catholic (South)
Science
Ptolemy: “geocentric”
theory of universe; earth-centered
Copernicus: “heliocentric” theory of universe; suncentered
Brahe: astronomy
Kepler: orbits of planets
Galileo: 1st telescope; “heliocentric” ideas
contradicted church; Inquisition
Scientific Method: logical method to
discover ‘truth’ and knowledge
Bacon: science can help humanity conquer
nature and end suffering
Decartes: everything must be proven;
inquiry; “I think therefore I am”
Newton: greatest scientist; motion and
gravity; opened scientific thinking
Boyle: chemistry
Vesalius: anatomy; muscle and tissue
Pare: infections; stitches
Harvey: heart; circulation of the blood
Leeuwenhoek: microscope
Age of Exploration
…Renaissance ideas led to global
curiosity and discovery, thus leading to
further exploration with the way being
paved by the leading nations of
Europe…
Portugal
Spain
England
France
Netherlands
Characteristics of exploration…
Commercial Revolution (money-lending)
encouraged new ideas, methods and
voyages
Desire to reach the exotic Far East wealth
and luxury goods…by-pass the dangers of
the Silk Road
“Glory, God and Gold”
Collision of cultures…”superior vs.
inferior”…cultural destruction
Age of Exploration Explorers Dias (1487-1488)
Portugal
rounded southern
tip of Africa
Columbus (1492)
Spain
West Indies/
New World
Da Gama (1497-1498)
Portugal
1st to reach India
Vespucci (1497-1502)
Spain
West Indies,
South American
coastline,
“Americas”
Cabral (1500)
Portugal
Brazilian coast
Balboa (1513)
Spain
Pacific Ocean
Magellan (1509-1522)
Spain
1st to circumnavigate
the globe
De Leon (1513)
Spain
“Fountain of Youth”
Cortes (1519-1521)
Spain
Conquered Aztecs
Pizarro (1531)
Spain
Conquered Incas
Coronado (1540-1542)
Spain
American Southwest
Drake (1577-1580)
England
1st English explorer to
circumnavigate the
globe
…to finance all of the above
endeavors from arts, literature,
religion, science and exploration;
the renaissance needed “means” to
gain their “ends”. So to fulfill this
monetary need, monarchies, patrons
and other sources stepped up to
support the renaissance spirit.
These supporters also included
the…
Dutch
&
Jews
…these financial sources lead to the
creation of the Commerical Revolution, or
modern-day banking…
…all of these incredible events and
intriguing people changed the world and
laid the foundation for the modern society.
European Renaissance
1350 - 1600