Transcript biol 3 biomolecules table activity

PROTEINS (POLYPEPTIDES)
NUCLEOTIDES
POLYSACCHARIDES
NUCLEIC ACIDS
POLYSACCHARIDES
LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
PROTEINS
AMINO ACIDS
LIPIDS
PROTEINS
FATTY ACIDS & GLYCEROL
LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
CARBOHYDRATES (POLYSACCHARIDES, COMPLEX SUGARS)
STRUCTURAL fibrous protein that provides elasticity to skin.
Ratio of H:O is not 2:1 but varies.
MONOSACCHARIDES
GLYCOGEN (or animal starch):
Contain the elements CARBON, HYDROGEN,
OXYGEN, NITROGEN and SULPHUR.
HAEMOGLOBIN:
Are NOT considered to be polymers, as there
are a variety of structural units.
Generally INSOLUBLE in water.
Primary role is that of storing of energy.
Nitrogenous bases of DNA are Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and
Thymine. In RNA Uracil replaces Thymine.
structurally similar to fats but a phosphate
group replaces one of the fatty acid chains,
thus giving this molecule a POLAR and NONPOLAR region. Structurally form two layers to
create the plasma membrane vital to all cells.
INSULIN:
Ratio of H:O is always 2:1.
2 main classes are
GLOBULAR and FIBROUS.
Four structural levels: PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY and QUATERNARY.
chemically identical to starch but has more branches
of glucose chains. Also used for energy storage.
Y-shaped globular protein that is involved in the immune
response by specifically binding to foreign substances.
is the hereditary material that can self replicate and be passed on from
parent cell/organism to daughter cell/organism.
mRNA carries information
in DNA to a ribosome.
There are 20 amino acids that differ structurally in the R-GROUP,
with only methionine and cysteine containing sulphur.
UNSATURATED FATS contain at least one double bond between carbons and
exist as liquids at room temperature, eg oils.
Two monosaccharides joined together form DISACCHARIDES, such as
sucrose (glucose and fructose) and maltose (glucose and glucose).
Contain the elements CARBON,
HYDROGEN and OXYGEN.
globular protein (made of 4 subunit polypeptides) that
acts as a TRANSPORT molecule for carrying oxygen.
DNA formed from two strands bonded together via
HYDROGEN BONDS between complimentary bases.
a polymer of glucose that plants use as a structural
material. Differs structurally by the presence of crosslinking between glucose chains. Most animals cannot
hydrolyse (breakdown) cellulose into glucose units.
comes in a variety of forms varying in function.
globular protein involved in REGULATION by acting as an ENZYME.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY:
Contain the elements CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN,
NITROGEN and PHOSPHOROUS.
simplest is CHOLESTEROL that consists of a 4 ringed carbon
structure and has a structural role in the plasma membrane. Other
steroids act as HORMONES, eg testosterone and progesterone.
SATURATED FATS contain no double bonds between
carbons and exist as solids at room temperature.
Bonds between monosaccharides are called GLYCOSIDIC BONDS.
Can also be added to lipids to form glycolipids and to proteins to
form glycoproteins. Used as a means for cell communication.
Most diverse in structure, role and function of all biomolecules.
STARCH (amylose):
As a monomer, primarily role is that of an energy source.
contains the information (in genes) for the instructions for making proteins.
Monosaccharides form carbon-ring structures (5C= fructose or 6C = glucose).
STEROIDS:
Made up of phosphate group, ribose sugar and nitrogenous base.
made up of a glycerol bonded to three fatty acid
chains (that can be variable in structure). Used for
storage of energy and insulation.
Bonds between sugar and phosphate group in polymers are
called PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS.
All contain FATTY ACIDS that consist of chains of carbon and hydrogen.
tRNA carries amino acids to ribosome.
TRIGLYCERIDES (Fats):
PHOSPHOLIPIDS:
Bonds between amino acids are called PEPTIDE BONDS.
globular protein (made of 2 subunits) involved in
REGULATION by acting as a HORMONE that
stimulates uptake of glucose from blood.
CATALASE:
CELLULOSE:
3-dimensional shape is critical to the functioning of a protein.
a string of glucose monomers. Used by plants for energy storage.
rRNA is a structural component of ribosomes.
Two main types: DNA and RNA.
Contain the elements CARBON, HYDROGEN and OXYGEN.
COLLAGEN:
PHOSPHOLIPID
GENERAL STRUCTURE
FATTY ACIDS
GLYCINE
IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY
TRIGLYCERIDE
RNA
RIBOSE (C5H10O5)
CYSTEINE
STARCH
GUANINE
GLYCOGEN
URACIL
CELLULOSE
GLYCEROL
CHOLESTEROL
FRUCTOSE (C6H12O6)
INSULIN
COLLAGEN
HAEMOGLOBIN
CATALASE
DNA