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How did Martin Luther react when peasant rebels took up his banner as a means of bringing about social change in Germany? He denounced the peasants, and the rebellion was suppressed. Who described architecture as a “social art” meant to combine beauty with utility and improvement of society? Leon Alberti In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a … Possible explanation to be tested. Many scholars agree that between 1450 and 1750 people’s beliefs in both Christianity and magic led to… The persecution of people as witches. The main goal of the Jesuits was to … Defend, restore, and spread the Catholic faith. What changes did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic Reformation? It provided penalties for corruption among the clergy. Today’s Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish can all trace their religious ancestry to the … Anabaptists What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England? Henry VIII wanted a divorce. The calculations of astronomer Johannes Kepler showed that … The planets move around the sun in oval orbits. The inventor who perfected the microscope and the first person to see cells and microorganisms was … Anton van Leeuwenhoek What humanist of Northern Europe wrote about his vision of an ideal society, in which people live in peace and harmony? Sir Thomas More Which statement best describes the ideal woman according to writer Baldassare Castiglione? Her outward beauty reflects her inner goodness. The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist… Leonardo da Vinci Who assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts preserving the works of Cicero, Homer and Virgil? Francesco Petrarch The age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning and the arts is called the… Renaissance In the 1600s, Robert Boyle’s work transformed the field of … chemistry Unlike Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes believed that the best road to understanding was through… Human reasoning The purpose of the Council of Trent was to … Direct the reform of the Catholic Church. Sir Thomas More was executed because he … Would not accept Henry VIII ah head of the Church in England. Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists … Tended to focus more on worldly subjects. A thriving trading region where the northern Renaissance began. Flanders A religious group that has broken away from an established church. Sect Anabaptists believed that infants should not be baptized because… Infants are too young to accept the Christian faith. The city that produced many Renaissance artists and scholars with the support of the Medici family. Florence Wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and keep power. Niccolo Machiavelli What resulted from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555? Each German prince could decide the religion from his lands. The idea that God long ago decided who would be saved and who would not. Predestination A government run by religious leaders. Theocracy The Swiss city-state of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under the leadership of … John Calvin Started a printing revolution. Johann Gutenberg Proposed a heliocentric model of the universe. Nicolaus Copernicus What major theme of the northern Renaissance did Alberecht Durer’s engravings portray? Religious upheaval Showed that gravity keeps planets in orbit. Isaac Newton An artist who made sketches of flying machines centuries before the first airplane. Leonardo da Vinci One way that Renaissance artists reflected the new ideas of humanism was by painting… Well-known people of the day