Transcript Journal

Journal

Genes Control cellular activities through
a two step process called protein
synthesis. Name and discuss the
significance of the two steps.
What is the Sugar in RNA?
Ribose
What are the three types of RNA?
tRNA, rRNA, mRNA
What does rRNA do?
Makes up ribosomes
Is the genetic code different in all
organisms?
No, the bases are the same
different organisms have different
sequences
Is protein synthesis regulated?
YES
Are all genes transcribed all the
time?
no
When are the introns removed?
Before the mRNA leaves the
nucleus
What are introns?
Junk DNA/RNA that does not code
for proteins
What are exons?
DNA/RNA that codes for a protein
What is a change in one or a
few nucleotides?
Point mutation
What is the type of mutation that
occurs if a nucleotide is
removed?
deletion
What is the type of mutation that
occurs when one nucleotide base
is swapped for a different
nucleotide base?
Substitution
What are the RNA base
pairing rules?
A-U
G-C
Where does transcription
begin?
At a promotor
What are the two processes that
make up protein synthesis?
Transcription and Translation
What are the complements of
codons on tRNA?
anticodons
Q. What are three differences
between RNA and DNA
A. RNA has U instead of T, Ribose instead of
deoxyribose, and RNA is single stranded DNA
is double stranded
Q. What is the process of making
RNA from DNA?
A. Transcription
Q. Where does transcription take
place?
A. in the nucleus
Q. Where does the mRNA go
after transcription?
A. Out through the
cytoplasm to the ribosome
Q. Transcribe this DNA sequence:
AAGCATCCTGCA
A. UUCGUAGGACGU
Q. What happens to the parent
strand of DNA after the mRNA is
transcribed?
A. it lets go of the mRNA and
winds back up
Q. What enzyme is used in
transcription?
A. RNA polymerase
Q. What does mRNA do?
A. carries the genetic information from
the DNA in the nucleus out through the
cytoplasm to the ribosome
Q. What is a codon and what
does it do?
A. a set of three nucleotide bases
that code for an amino acid
Q. What does tRNA do?
A. Brings the amino acids to the
correct coding sequences
Q. What organelle is involved in
translation?
A. Ribosome
Q. Use this mRNA chart to answer the question
AAG - lysine
GAA – glutamine
ACU - threonine
GGC – glycine
AGU– serine
GUA – valine
CAU - histidine
UAA – tyrosine
CCG - proline
UGA - tryptophan
CUU - leucine
UUC - phenylalanine
Given the amino acid sequence histidine-tryptophan-leucinelysine-proline: What is the sequence of bases coding for this
amino acid chain?
A.
CAUUGACUUAAGCCG
Q. What is the sequence of the
coding strand of DNA that would
transcribe into this mRNA
CAUUGACUUAAGCCG?(2pts)
A.
GTAACTGAATTCGGC
Q. Describe the process of
translation using the words mRNA,
ribosome, codon, tRNA, and amino
acid.

A. During translation, a ribosome
attaches to the mRNA, and reads the
triplet nucleotide base codons which
code for a specific amino acid. tRNA
brings the amino acids to the ribosome
where they attach and form a chain
Q. What does Gel
electrophoresis do?

Separates DNA fragments by
molecular weight
Q. What are two things that
Scientists can extract DNA from?
A.
Hair, Blood, Saliva, Urine…
Q. What do restriction
enzymes do?
A.
Cut DNA into fragments at
specific base sequences