Transcript 12.3 Lecture w: blanks

Transcription &
Translation
12.2
I. PROTEIN SYNTHEIS OVERVIEW
A. The purpose of DNA is to tell
what ________ the organism
has (the blue print)
B. The purpose of genes is to tell the
body which ________ to produce
C. The purpose of proteins is to
make the specific _________
I. PROTEIN SYNTHEIS OVERVIEW
D.
DNA  Genes  ProteinsCharacteristics
(Traits)
E. See Protein Synthesis Overview
Animation
II. TRANSCRIPTION
A. Transcription- The process of
making messenger RNA
(mRNA)
1. DNA is to big to leave the
_________
2. Allows for the protein
instructions to leave nucleus
and go to the ____________ in
the cytoplasm.
II. TRANSCRIPTION
Transcription Animation
I. TRANSCRIPTION
B. RNA Polymerase is the name of
the enzyme that reads the DNA
and makes the ___________
II. TRANSCRIPTION
C. Coding Regions on DNA
1. __________- Tells the RNA
polymerase enzyme to start
making mRNA
a. Turns the gene on!
2. _________- DNA message is
decoded and mRNA is made
II. TRANSCRIPTION
3. __________ Sequence- Signals
for the gene to be turned off
a. mRNA production stops
4. Remember DNA is the exact
same in every cell in the organism,
but the promoter and termination
sequenses are in different spots on
the DNA producing different
characteristics!
II. TRANSCRIPTION
D. The Steps of Transcription
1. RNA Polymerase reads the
_________ which causes the
enzyme to unwind the double
helix
NOTE: THIS IS NOT DNA REPLICATION!!!
II. TRANSCRIPTION
2. Then enzyme reads one side of
the DNA in the coding region
and builds the mRNA as it goes.
a. It brings in ____________
nucleotides one at a time to
build the single-stranded
mRNA
II. TRANSCRIPTION
3. The termination sequence signals
the _________ to stop, and the
mRNA breaks off to go to the
_____________
Ladies and gentleman…
Put your hands together for the
one…the only…
(begin slow clap now)
VANILLA PENKE!!!
III. TRANSLATION
A. Translation- The process of
using mRNA and tRNA to
make ____________
B. Translation Animation
C. The Steps of Translation
1. A ribosome attaches to the
mRNA and begins to read one
__________ at a time
III. TRANSLATION
a. Codon- 3 consecutive
nucleotides that is
_________________ to the
tRNA anticodon
b. ________ is the universal
“start” codon
c. See chart on 338
III. TRANSLATION
2. A tRNA that has a
complimentary anticodon
that brings a specific amino
acid to the ____________
3. A second tRNA that
compliments the next
___________ is also brought
to the ribosome
III. TRANSLATION
4. A bond is formed between the
two ____________ of the tRNA.
5. The first tRNA leaves the
ribosome, but the amino acid
stays ___________
6. The process repeats and more
amino acids are added to the
__________
III. TRANSLATION
7. Translation ends when the
ribosomes reaches the _____
codon (UAA, UGA, UAG)
8. The chain of amino acid
breaks off, and folds into a
specific shape dictated by the
___________ of DNA
III. TRANSLATION
9. The shape of the protein
dictates its _________ (what
it will do or what
characteristic it will make)