Transcript ANSWER

HONORS BIOLOGY
CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW
DNA, Protein Synthesis, Bacteria
and Viruses
#1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
• Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?
#1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
• Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?
#1
• Lytic Infection:
Virus injects its DNA into host to replicate
the virus, kills the host
• EX: cold, influenza
• Lysogenic Infection:
• Virus DNA becomes part of host DNA and
duplicates together forever. Goes into lytic
bursting when conditions poor for host cell.
• EX: herpes(cold sores), HIV, chicken pox
#2 Which Scientist(s)
• HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa
• HINT 2: worked as a team
• HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme or
one-gene-one-protein
• ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum (F)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA
structure
• HINT 2: stole the Photo 51
• HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize
• ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins
(G)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked with animal sperm
• HINT 2: a hottie
• HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts
even
• ANSWER: Chargaff (D)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: 1920’s
• HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus
bacteria R and S strains
• HINT 3: Found hereditary
transformation
• ANSWER: Frederick Griffith (B)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA
structure
• HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography
Photo 51
• HINT 3: a woman
• ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin
(A)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of
inside
• HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA
structure
• ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic
material
• HINT 2: used bacteriophages
• HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and
phosphorus
• ANSWER: Hershey and Chase
(C)
#2 Which scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: found DNA was genetic
material
• HINT 2: separated bacteria into:
carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a
centrifuge
• HINT 3: bald
• ANSWER: (H) Avery,
MacLeod, McCarty
#3 Name ways RNA is different
from DNA:
• 1. RNA = Ribose sugar instead of
Deoxyribose in DNA
• 2. DNA A-T C-G
RNA A-U C-G
• 3. RNA= Single stranded instead of
Double in DNA
• 4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus,
DNA must stay in nucleus
• 5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot
#4
#4 What three parts of DNA make
up one nucleotide?
• ANSWER:
–sugar
–Phosphate
–Nitrogenous base
(remember the song)
EXTRA: What is the complementary
side of this DNA strand? (DNA –
DNA)
• G-A-T-T-G-A-C-C-T-C-G–G
• ANSWER:
• C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C
What is the complementary mRNA
strand? (DNA – mRNA)
• G-A-T-T-G-A-C-C-T-C-G–G
• ANSWER:
• C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C
#4 Identify the DNA parts:
A
B
C
D
#4 Identify the DNA parts
A PHOSPHATE
B Deoxyribose Sugar
C Nitrogenous Bases
(A-T-C-G)
D Hydrogen Bond
Nucleotide = sugar,
phosphate, base
#4 How can you recognize…
• Pyrimidines? And what bases?
• One ring
• CUT
• Purines? And what bases?
• Two rings
• AG
#5 Which process?
• Does DNA copy itself?
• ANSWER: Replication (A)
• Is the movement of tRNA from A to P
site on the ribosome?
• ANSWER: Translocation (B)
#5 Which process?
• Codes DNA to mRNA?
• ANSWER? Transcription (C)
• Codes mRNA to tRNA and
protein?
• ANSWER: Translation (D)
#5 What happens at the P A E
sites of a ribosome during
translation?
• A = amino acid is dropped off
• P = polypeptide builds
• E = tRNA exits after dropping
off amino acid
• Process is translocation (B)
#6 What does it mean for DNA
• To be semi-conservative?
• When it replicates one parental
strand and one new strand goes to
each daughter cell.
#6 What does it mean for
DNA…
• To be antiparallel?
• The two strands
run side by side in
opposite directions
(one has 5’ at top
and the other has
3’ at top)
#7 Which enzyme?
• Topoisomerase
• I. Unwinds DNA from its spiral
#7 Which enzyme?
• LIGASE
• A. Binds Okazaki fragments
in the lagging strand
#7 Which enzyme?
• PRIMASE
• E. Adds RNA nucleotide
primers
#7 Which enzyme?
• DNA Polymerase III
• C. Adds nucleotides to DNA
for elongation and also for
proofreading
#7 Which enzyme?
• HELICASE
• D. Separates the 2 DNA strands
(breaks H bonds for replication)
#7 Which enzyme?
• RNA POLYMERASE
• B. Joins RNA
nucleotides in making
mRNA’s
#7 Which enzyme?
• DNA POLYMERASE I
• H. Proofreads, removes RNA primers, and
replaces them with DNA nucleotides
DNA Polymerase III:
leading strand
DNA
Polymerase I:
lagging strand
•
•
•
•
#8 A. Which is a physical or
chemical agent that causes
mutations?
mutagen
mutagenesis
mutation
reading frame
• ANSWER: mutagen
#8 B. What mutation…
• Is a substitution that causes no
change in the protein product?
• . nonsense
• . silent
• . missense
• ANSWER: silent
#8C. Which is any change in the
nucleotide sequence of DNA?
•
•
•
•
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Mutagenesis
Mutation
mutagen
reading frame
• ANSWER: mutagen
Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the
growth of scaly macules and papules
Tree Man Pictures
• Before and After Images : Tree Man :
Discovery Health
#8 D. What mutation…
• Causes a substitution that does change
the amino acid coding?
• Missense
• silent
• nonsense
• ANSWER: Missense
#8 E. What mutation
• Is a substitution that changes an amino
acid into a STOP codon?
• A. silent
• B. missense
• C. nonsense
• ANSWER: nonsense
#8F Which is the triplet grouping (a
mutation can alter it to shift)
•
•
•
•
mutation
mutagenesis
mutagen
reading frame
• ANSWER: reading shift
#9 What are some examples of
mutagens?
UV Rays
pesticides
cigarettes
X-rays
#10
• How does the leading strand behave
differently from the lagging strand?
• ANSWER: leading strand adds
nucleotides 5’ to 3’ toward the replication
fork continuously
• Lagging strand adds nucleotides 5’ to 3’
away from the replication fork
discontinuously (in fragments)
#11 What is the central dogma?
•
•
•
•
A. DNA – RNA – protein
B. protein – RNA – DNA
C. DNA – protein – RNA
D. RNA – protein – DNA
• ANSWER: A
#11 Who first proposed the
central dogma?
•
•
•
•
A. Crick
B. Watson
C. Nirenberg
D. Avery
• ANSWER: *Crick and Nirenberg
#12 What amino acid is mRNA
codon:
UGU AAC UAC CGU GGG CAC
UGG
12. What amino acid is mRNA
codon:
Cyst–Aspar –Tyros–Arg–Glyc-Hist-Trypt
#13 What codon is the START
CODON?
13. What amino acid is START
codon:
AUG
#13 What are the three STOP
CODONS?
• ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA
• (you could also figure this out
by looking at the chart)
What amino acid is mRNA codon:
UGG
tryptophan
# 13 How many?
• Different amino acids are
there?
• ANSWER: 20
#14 How many subunits make up a
ribosome?
• A. one
• B. two
• C. Three
• D. Four
• ANSWER: 2
14. ANSWER: Ribosome = two
subunits
Made of
rRNA
(ribosomal) +
protein
#15 What are the 3 bases?
Codon
• For mRNA
• B. Anticodon
• For tRNA
• C. Triplet
• For DNA
• A.
What does a tRNA carry?
• A. codon
• B. triplet
• C. amino acid
• D. ribosome
• ANSWER: amino acid
#16 What is the purpose of
these?
• Introns
• Are cut and discarded
from the primary mRNA
• Exons
• Leave the nucleus to be
coded with tRNA
16. What will the mature mRNA
look like?
What will the mRNA look like?
HINT: introns discarded
exons kept and coded
1
2
3
= mature mRNA
#16 What’s the difference?
• Between Primary mRNA and mature
mRNA?
• Primary mRNA = introns + exons
• Mature mRNA = only exons
#17 MATCH
• A. structural and
functional core of a
ribosome
• B. template to carry
code to ribosome
from DNA
• C. transporting amino
acid
• B mRNA
• C. tRNA
• A. rRNA
#17 What are the 3 types of RNA?
• a) tRNA (transfer RNA-brings amino
acids)
• b) mRNA (messenger RNA-codes from
DNA), and
• c) rRNA (ribosomal RNA-structural part
of ribosome)
#18
• PROCESS:
B
• Transcription
E
C
D
F
• Translation
C
#18 What are the structures?
What bond joins the
amino acids?
PEPTIDE
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AAACGTAGG
• ANSWER: insertion (A)
or addition
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGAGG
• ANSWER: Deletion (T)
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGGGAT
• ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped)
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL 2 chromosomes
•
AACGTAGG
•
ATCGGGTCGGA
• MUTATION: AACGTATCGGG
•
TCGGAAGG
• ANSWER: Translocation (two
nonhomologous chromosomes exchanged)
#19
• Which are frameshift mutations?
• ALL –moved the bases up or back
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
• RNA polymerase
terminator
reaches bases that
signals the end of
• B. transcription
the gene and
promotor
releases
to
leave
the
• C. RNA splicing
nucleus
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation
• ANSWER: A
elongation
• F.translation
termination
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
• Ribosome
terminator
recognizes a STOP
codon and releases
• B. transcription
the polypeptide
promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation • ANSWER: F
• E. Translation
elongation
• F.translation
termination
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
• Successive tRNA’s
terminator
add their amino
acids to the
• B. transcription
polypeptide chain at
promotor
the
ribosome
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation
• ANSWER: E
elongation
• F.translation
termination
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
terminator
• B. transcription
promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation
elongation
• F.translation
termination
• Cutting and
pasting of the
exons and
introns to form
a mature mRNA
• ANSWER: C
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
terminator
• B. transcription
promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation
elongation
• F.translation
termination
• The “start
transcribing”
signal in a
nucleotide
sequence +
binding site for
RNA
polymerase
• ANSWER: B
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
terminator
• B. transcription
promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation
elongation
• F.translation
termination
• The mRNA and
the first tRNA
and the
ribosomal unit
come together
• ANSWER: D
#21 MATCH
•
•
•
•
•
A. Viroids
B. Virions
C. Prions
D. emerging virus
E. capsid
• Misfolded proteins
that destroy the
brain (one cause is
Mad Cow Disease)
• ANSWER: C
#21 MATCH
•
•
•
•
•
A. Viroids
B. Virions
C. Prions
D. emerging virus
E. capsid
• Small circular
RNA molecules
that infect plants
• ANSWER: A
#21 MATCH
•
•
•
•
•
A. Viroids
B. Virions
C. Prions
D. emerging virus
E. capsid
• Outer protein
coat of a virus
• ANSWER: E
#21 MATCH
•
•
•
•
•
A. Viroids
B. Virions
C. Prions
D. emerging virus
E. capsid
• Suddenly appears
or is new virus
• ANSWER: E
#21 MATCH
•
•
•
•
•
A. Viroids
B. Virions
C. Prions
D. emerging virus
E. capsid
• Pieces of the
virus
• ANSWER: E
#22 What is a retrovirus?
• Transcribes from
RNA to DNA
• Reverse
transcriptase is
the enzyme that
synthesizes DNA
from RNA
• The virus that
causes AIDS is
HIV
#23 What are the APE sites?
#23
• A- amino acid attaches to the
ribosome
• P- polypeptide forms as the amino
acids join
• E- polypeptide exits the ribosome
#24
• Uptake of foreign DNA from the
surrounding environment
• Transformation
• Circular DNA in bacteria separate from
its other DNA
• plasmid
#24
• Physical union of
two bacterial cells
in which DNA
transfers
• Conjugation
• Transfer of
bacterial genes by
a phage
• transduction
#24
• Carries genes for sex pili and its
origin or replication
• F factor
• Caries genes that destroy antibiotics
• R plasmid
EXTENDED RESPONSE
DNA:
ATT CGG ACT TGA
• mRNA
sequence?
• UAA GCC UGA ACU
• tRNA
sequence?
• AUU
• Amino acid
sequence?
• (use mRNA codons • Stop
on chart)
CGG ACU
alan stop
UGA
threo