Transcript Nutrient Needs - Dublin City Schools

Nutrient Needs
Nutrition
•The study of how your
body uses the food you eat.
Malnutrition
•Poor nutrition over an
extended period of time.
•Body does not get what it needs from food
•Body does not have the nutrients it needs for
energy, growth, repair and the regulation of
various body processes.
So what do we eat?
•Food is made up of Nutrients…..
a chemical found in foods, critical to
human growth and function.
Nutrients…
•Supply energy
•Help build cells and tissues
•Regulate body processes
Malnutrition
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Causes overweight and underweight health
situations
Delays or inhibits growth and development as well
as resistance to diseases in children
Affects teenage girls in childbearing years
Severely affects unborn child in pregnant women
Affects your health and life span
Nutrients
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Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Carbohydrates
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#1 ENERGY source
Mainly from plant sources
Whole grain—important for fiber
Fiber –non digestible 20 – 35 g/day (age + 5)
Two types---simple and complex
4 Calories/gram
All must get broken down into simple sugars for the
body to absorb
Glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, starch,
cellulose
Fats
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Promote healthy skin and cell growth
Saturated fats  raise LDL
Unsaturated fats  may lower cholesterol
Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated fats
Hydrogenation—Crisco
Trans fatty acids—partially hydrogenated oils
9 calories/gram
Energy source– transport nutrients (fat sol. Vit)
Excess stored as fat in the body
Cholesterol—LDL , HDL a fat like substance
Adds flavor to foods
Protein
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The chemical building blocks of the body needed for
growth, maintenance and repair of tissues.
Repair body tissues, immune system
1/5 of entire body weight
Excess stored as fat
Chains of amino acids—22 needed 9 essential
Complete proteins–animal source and soy
Incomplete proteins—missing 1 key amino acid
Kwashiorkor—deficiency
4 calories/gram
Vitamins
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Keep body tissues healthy and help systems function properly
Fat soluble—ADEK
Water soluble—C, B
Organic
A—vision—beta carotene—dark green leafy and yellow/orange
D—calcium absorption—sunshine vitamin—fortified milk rickets
E– antioxidant, clear skin nuts and oils, green leafy veggies
K—clotting of the blood green leafy veggie, daily, egg yolks
C—immune system—ascorbic acid, maintain healthy bones, teeth, iron
absorption, antioxidant scurvy
B—in all grains—
Niacin—b3 nervous system and carbs to energy pellagra
Riboflavin b2 carbs to energy
Thiamin b1 carbs to energy, nervous system beri beri
Folate—birth defects, builds red blood cells with b12 green leafy veggies,
grains
Minerals
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Macro and micro minerals (trace elements)
Inorganic
Calcium-bone growth , osteoporosis
Phosphorus-with calcium, build body cells
Sodium, chlorine, potassium-osmosis-fluid balance
Iron-carries oxygen in blood
Zinc-body heals, growth of tissues
Fluorine-strengthens teeth-water
Iodine-bodies use of energy-Iodized salt
Water
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Critical to survival
60% of your body (80% of blood)
Needed in most chemical reactions in body
Hydration
Temperature control of the body
Weight 3-8=new needs in glasses/day
Sources—water, juices, milk, fruit, soup etc..