Transcript NUTRITION

NUTRITION
CHAPTER 7
Nutrition: The Nutrients
/ Section 1
Good nutrition promotes growth
and helps prevent diseases.
Your food can provide all the
nutrients your body needs.
Nutrients - compounds in food
that the body requires for
proper growth maintenance,
and functioning.
Section 1 Continued
Nutrient Deficiencies - too little
of one or more nutrients in the
diet
Malnutrition - the results in the
body of poor nutrition.
Undernutrition - too little food
energy or too few nutrients to
prevent disease or to promote
growth.
Overnutrition - too much food
energy or excess nutrients to
the degree of causing disease.
Section 2: How to
Choose Nutritious Foods
The nutrients fall into six classes:
Carbohydrate: made of sugars; includes
sugar, starch, and fiber
Fat: does not mix with water; referred to
as lipids
Protein: Builds body tissues; made of
amino acids
Vitamins: essential nutrients that does not
yield energy
Minerals: Elements of the earth needed in
your diet
Water: H20
Section 2 Continued
The Food Guide Pyramid suggests:
6 servings from the bread, cereal, rice,
and pasta group
3 servings from the vegetable group
2 servings from the fruit group
2 servings from the milk, yogurt, and
cheese group
Two servings from the meat, poultry,
fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts group
FAST FACTS
The average American
consumes 130 pounds of fat per
year.
The average American
consumes about 90 pounds of
sugar every year.
Go over Food Pyramid Guide
How Well Do You Eat? Pg. 168
Section 3 / Energy From
Food
Energy: the capacity to do work or
produce heat
Glucose: the body’s blood sugar; a
simple form of carbohydrate.
Fatty Acids: simple forms of fat that
supply fuel for most of the body’s cells
Amino Acids: simple forms of protein
normally used to build tissues or under
some conditions, burned for energy
Toxin: a poison (alcohol)
Section 3 Continued
Hypothalathmus: a brain
regulatory center that sends
out a hunger signal when
blood glucose levels get too
low.
Calories: a unit used to
measure energy.
Weight x 24 / 2.2
Section 4 / The
Carbohydrates
Starch: main carbohydrate;
chief energy source
Fiber: not a energy source;
provides no calories;
Lack of Fiber can lead to
constipation or hemorrhoids.
Section 4 Continued
The 4 sugars most
important in human
nutrition are:
Glucose (the body’s fuel)
Fructose (the sweet sugar of
fruits and honey)
Sucrose (table sugar)
Lactose (milk sugar)
Section 5 - The Fats
Saturated Fats: associated with
heart and artery disease; mainly
fats from animal sources
(meats, butter, cream)
Unsaturated Fats: fats from
plant source (nuts, seeds, pb,
oils, dressings)
Cholesterol: a type of fat made
by the body from saturated fat
Carbohydrates should supply
about 60% of calories, with
protein filling in about 10%
Section 6 - Protein
Protein is part of every cell,
every bone, the blood, and
every other tissue.
Vegetarians: people who omit
meat, fish, and poultry from
their diets. Well informed
vegetarians can easily get
enough protein from plant foods
alone.
Section 7 - Vitamins
Supplement: a pill, powder,
liquid, or the like containing only
nutrients; not a food
Deficiency: too little of a
nutrient in the body
Fat-soluble: able to dissolve fat
Water-soluble: able to dissolve
water
Section 7 Continued
Vitamin A: good for eyes
(dark green veggies, deep
yellow and orange fruits and
veggies, and milk)
Night Blindness: slow
recovery of vision after
flashes of bright light at
night; an early symptom of
Vitamin A deficiency.
Section 7 Continued
Antioxidant: a chemical
that can stop the
destructive chain reactions
of free radicals.
Free Radicals: chemicals
that harm the body’s tissues
Section 8 - Minerals
Calcium is the most
abundant mineral in the
body.
Osteoporosis: a disease of
gradual bone loss, which can
cripple people in later life.
Section 8 Continued
Iron is present in every
living cell and is the body’s
oxygen carrier in the red
blood cells.
Anemia: reduced # or size of
the red blood cells.
Section 8 Continued
Electrolytes: minerals that
carry electrical charges that
help maintain the body’s fluid
balance
Sodium: aka salt; too much
salt can lead to high blood
pressure (hypertension)
Water is the most vital nutrient
of all. 60% of body is water