Transcript Introduction to Psychology

Eating and Nutrition
or
Does Eating Salmon
Lower the Murder Rate??
Nutrition “get to know you”
Write down:
 your favorite food(s) and why
 a story about a food or special
recipe that is unique to your family’s
special celebrations
 a food that is supposedly healthy,
but that you don’t like (or don’t
think you would like)
Does Eating Salmon Lower
the Murder Rate??
In 2001, Dr. Joseph Hibbeln published a study,
provocatively titled "Seafood Consumption and
Homicide Mortality," that found a correlation
between a higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids
(most often obtained from fish) and lower
murder rates.
Food and Wellness
(Psychological and Physical)
 “What to eat” (M. Nestle)
 Paleolithic diet vs. Atkins
vs. Zone
 “In defense of food” (M.
Pollan)
 USDA’s MY Pyramid vs.
Healthy Eating Pyramid
(Harvard)
 Slow food, fast food, no
WHAT’S A PERSON TO DO??!!!
food, ???
Food and Wellness
(Psychological and Physical)
Nutrition and Wellness
Eating to feel well (as opposed to simply
getting calories) -- mens sana in
corpore sano
 Eating for psychological and physiological
wellness
 Eating for disease prevention
Reality (Sept 10 report)
Americans Are Flunking Easy Goals
For Healthier Eating
The public health plan hatched a decade ago was to get
three-quarters of Americans older than 2 to chow down on
at least two servings of fruit a day and half of Americans to
eat three or more servings of vegetables.
The results for 2009 show that only 32.5 percent of adults
are hitting the mark for fruit and barely more than a
quarter — 26.3 percent — are getting the job done on
vegetables.
Keeping track…
livestrong.com
How we eat
Mindfully? (raisin exercise)
How we eat
Learning “nutrition” in schools?
(Jamie Oliver’s Food Revolution)
Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution Episode 1 Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7eaHytpJWQ
Michael Pollan’s “Unhappy Meals” discussion
What we eat
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Micronutrients
Vitamins
Minerals
Phytochemicals
What we eat
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates
What we eat
Macronutrients
Fats
What we eat
Macronutrients
Fats (Fatty Acids)
Saturated (SFAs) – limit these
Monounsaturated (MUFAs) – better choice
Polyunsaturated – (PUFAs) – consider the Omega3 / Omega-6 balance
Trans-fat (avoid) – (hydrogenated)
What we eat
Macronutrients
Proteins
What we eat (Micronutrients)
Vitamins
 13 known vitamins, classified as either fat-soluble
(A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B and C)
 C & E are antioxidants
Minerals
 Inorganic elements (e.g., calcium -- for muscle
contractions, nerve transmission)
Phytochemicals
 Bioactive chemicals found in plants (e.g., sterols,
flavonoids, beta-carotene) with potential healthpromoting qualities (e.g., anti-oxidant activity)
What we eat
Impact of diet on:
Heart Disease
Cancer
Other Conditions
(including
mental
health and
behavior)
*FAB research
What we eat (the dark side)
“[People] dig their graves with
their own teeth and die more by
those fatal instruments than the
weapons of their enemies.”
-- Thomas Moffett, 1600
Relationship between diet and
heart disease
risk for heart disease is linked to diets
high in saturated fats, found mostly in
animal and processed foods
dietary cholesterol is found only in
animal foods
plant foods contain antioxidants –these
protect against atherosclerosis
Relationship between diet and
cancer
 The American Cancer Society
Dietary Guidelines: Limit
consumption of meats and
shift the balance toward a
more plant-based diet
 Protective factors in a plantbased diet: fiber, polyphenol
antioxidants, anti-inflammatory
compounds
 What to eat??
Choose a colorful diet 
Whole foods, not supplements
Relationship between fad diets and
disease
Recent study (Sept 2010) analyzed data from
85,000 healthy women aged 34 to 59
45,000 men aged 40 to 75
Participants filled out questionnaires every four
years.
Low-carb dieters (e.g., Atkins diet) who got most
of their protein and fat from animal sources like
red and processed meats were 14 percent more
likely to die of heart disease and 28 percent more
likely to die of cancer
Sept. 7, 2010 in Annals of Internal Medicine
Diet and kidney stones
n=3,426 (tracked diet over many years)
“Higher intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts and
legumes, low-fat dairy and whole grains," Taylor
says. "And low intake of sweetened beverages
and red and processed meats” (Dietary
Approaches to Stop Hypertension, or DASH,
diet) -- people who adhered most to this
pattern of eating were significantly less likely to
develop kidney stones.
"We found a decrease in risk in the order of
around 40 or 45 percent," says Taylor. "We were
very excited by it."
Clinical Journal of the American Society
of Nephrology , 2010
Herbal Nutrition
phytomedicines and ethnobotany
folk medicine products
medicinal plants
Herbal Therapy
Herbal medicine:
feverfew
ginkgo
garlic
hypericum
peppermint
ginger
echinacea
saw palmetto
ginseng
capsaicin
migraines
circulatory disorders
hypercholesterolemia
depressive disorders
gastric distress
nausea
immune system stimulant
benign prostatic
hypertrophy
variety of conditions
arthritis
Dementia
 Objective:
 Design:
 Patients:
efficacy of EGb 761 (Ginkgo biloba)
randomized, double blind
202 mild-severe multi-infarct or
Alzheimer dementia outpatients
 Intervention: 40 mg tid EGb x 52 weeks
 Results:
improved cognitive score
0.005
improved caregiver geriatric rating 0.003
Le Bars et al
JAMA 1997; 278:1327-32
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Objective:
Design:
Patients:
Intervention:
Results:
efficacy of ginger
randomized, double blind, crossover
27 women in the first trimester
powdered ginger root 250 mg qid
decreased nausea
decreased number of emesis
0.035
0.035
Fisher-Rasmussen Eur J Ob Gyn Reprod Biol 1990;38:19