Transcript GPP 2, 3, 5, 6 Bob Glock October 2014

Youth Livestock QA
10-18-2014
Bob Glock
GP 5b – Monogastric / Swine
GPP 2 - Establish Veterinary Client
Relationship &
GPP 3 - Follow Healthy Production
Practices &
GPP - 6 Maintain
Biosecurity
S Peder Cuneo
U of Az Extension Veterinarian
Start With a Healthy Animal
• The First Step in Biosecurity
• The Most Important Step in Development of an effective
vaccination program/herd health
• Reduces (Eliminates) need for Treatment and residue
worrries
• Get Best Response to Feeding Program
Introduction to Animal Health Program
“Back To Basics”
• Proper nutrition
• Protein and trace minerals in young growing animals
• Low stress conditions
• Stress hormones reduce immune system
• Functioning immune system
The Plan
• You don’t JUST feed them
• Pigs need a good environment or they won’t respond to good
nutrition
• Pigs respond to gentle treatment
• Make your wants easy for them
Pig Comfort
• Shade - “they sunburn”
• Good ventilation – no draft
• STABLE temperature
• Desert temps fluctuate 30 degrees
• 70-ish ( bedding, enclosure)
• Dry at night
• Nonstop good clean water
• Consistent feed supply
Consistent Feed
• Same time, same place, same thing
• Ulcers etc
• Particle Size / The Grind
• No hot sauce
• Gradual changes
• Fresh
• Taste
• Vitamins etc
• How to know
What’s in Feed?
• Corn
• Or milo, some wheat, barley
• Soybean meal
• VS meat and bone
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Additives
• Hay???
Age Changes
• Preweaning
• Creep feed?
• Weaning = 2-4 weeks
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Lack enzymes
High milk products
High protein
Fish meal / Plasma
Age Changes - 2
• Nursery
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Environment
Frequent feeding / easy access
Several ration changes
Medication?
• Grower
• Lower protein
• Less expensive
Age Changes - 3
• Finisher
• Protein about 12 %
• High energy
• Gender specific
• Sows
• Limit feed = about 5 or 6 Lbs
• Feed to “condition”
• Maximize consumption when nursing
Feed Source
• Leave formula to the Pros
• Buy where sales cause turnover so fresh
• Read the label
• Additives must follow label
• Believe the suggestions
• Avoid Witchcraft
Tips
• Water = 1-2 gal / 100 Lbs
• Feed = 5-6 % body weight
• Usual “full feed” but limit feed is OK if ---- Consistent
Cattle Comfort
• Water
• Feed
• Space
• Shade (?)
• Wind
• Dust
Vaccine tools for the immune system
Vaccination Programs
• Killed Vaccines and Toxoids
• Modified Live
• Chemically Altered
Major Types
• Killed
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Usually two doses
Can produce local reaction (adjuvants)
Less antigenic
“May” be more expensive
• Modified Live (MLV)
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Often one dose
Stimulate broader immunity
Less reactive
Can cause abortion (IBR)
REQUIRE CAREFUL HANDLING –READ THE LABEL
What Vaccines To Use
• Origin, Previous Exposure, Risk
• Type of Animal
• Age of Animal
• Environment, Exposure
• Why are they used?
• Mostly Economic Advantages
• Lots of vaccines only reduce severity
• The answer is not in the syringe
Specific Vaccines
• Swine
• Erysipelas
• Mycoplasma
• Herd Specific
• Cattle
• Clostridial (Blackleg)
• Respiratory Viruses (IBR, BVD?, PI3)
Vaccine Handling
• Follow label
• Storage especially refrigeration
• FOLLOW LABELS
• PREGANCY STATUS, AGE, BOOSTER
• Expiration date
• Refrigeration after mixing
• MLV short life after mixing/temperature effect
Vaccination Procedures
• Make sure hide/skin is clean/free of mud and manure
• DO NOT USE SKIN DISINFECTANT OR DIP NEEDLE IN DISINFECTANT
ESPECIALLY WHEN USING A MLV VACCINE
• DO NOT MIX VACCINES
• FOLLOW QA GUIDELINES ON INJECTION SITES
Vaccination Procedures
Avoid Damage to the Product!
• FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS
• Route of injection and location
• Tent skin for SubQ
• Bovine Needle length
• IM 1-1.5 inch 16 or 18 gauge
• SubQ 3/4 inch or 1 inch 16-18 gauge
• Pigs
• ½ to 1 inch; 16-20 ga. Depending on age
• Spread out injection sites
• Change needles every 10-20 head
Processing
Vaccine Labeling
• Label Claims Reflect Differing Levels of Assurance
of Performance
• Label Claims are Negotiated Between USDA &
Manufacturer
• USDA Provides Independent Assurance that Label
Claims can be Substantiated
• BUT
• a) “To Prevent Infection. . .”
• b) “To Prevent Disease. . .”
• c) “As an Aid in the Prevention of Disease. . .”
VACCINE FAILURE
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FAILURE TO RESPOND
INSUFFICIENT RESISTANCE
BLOCKING MATERNAL ANTIBODIES
LAG TIME
FAILURE TO BOOST
HANDLING
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Acute Reactions
Persistent Infection
Chronic Reactions
Suppression of Performance
Infectious, Contagious “Vaccines”
Vaccinal Lesions at Slaughter
Drug use and label guidelines
• OTC (Over The Counter)
• Purchased and used by producer without input from veterinarian
• Product must have directions that are clear enough for safe and effective use
by producer
• Owner is responsible for any residues
• ALL LABEL DIRECTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED EXACTLY
Label guidelines II
• Legend drugs
• Drugs determined by FDA to require veterinary “supervision” for safe and
effective use
• Name and address of dispensing veterinarian must be on container
• ALL DISPENSING DIRECTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED EXACTLY
Label guidelines III
• Extralabel Drug Use (ELUD)
• The use of any OTC or label (prescription) drug in any manner not specified
on the label
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Use in different species
Use in different class of animal
Dose used
Route of administration
Disease condition not indicated on label
MUST have prescription
Requirements for ELDU
• Valid veterinary-client-patient relationship
• Vet responsible for clinical judgment
• Lack of labeled therapeutic alternative
• None on market
• Available drugs ineffective at labeled dose
• Complete records
• Withdrawal times
Limitations of ELDU
• Must have VALID vet/client/patient relationship
• Feed additives can NEVER be used under ELDU, only to treat disease
• EXCEPT VFD (veterinary feed directive)
• There are Prohibited drugs that can Never be used
FDA Sec 530.41 Prohibited Drugs
• Chloramphenicol
• Clenbuterol
• Diethylstilbestrol
• Dimetridazole
• Ipronidazole
• Other nitroimidazoles
• Furazlidone
• Nitrofurazone
• Sulfonamide drugs in lactating
diary cattle (three specific
exceptions)
• Fluoroquinolones
• Glycopeptides
Classification of Antibiotic Use
• Therapeutic
• Application of a specific drug to treat a specific health problem
• Sub therapeutic
• Low level of antibiotics fed to stimulate growth and improve feed conversion
• Average amount fed is less than 2 oz/ton feed
Top Reasons Why Beef Residues Happen
• Not following label directions
• No records
• Misidentification
• Excess volume injection
• Chronic with depressed
liver/kidney function
• Treated before purchase
• Unaware of withdrawal times
• Feed/water contamination
• Antibiotics/chemical residues
• Dairy Beef
Biosecurity Principles
• Animals With Known Health History
• Vet-To-Vet
• Isolation from Other Animals
• “Closed Herd” / No Exposure To Others
• Enter Animals from Known Sources Only (or none)
• Restrict Traffic
• Only thoroughly Sanitized Vehicles
• Limit Human Traffic
Risk Areas
• Procurement
• Feed/Water
• Wildlife, Arthropods, Insects
• Caretakers, Service,Visitors
• Equipment
• Wind-delivered
Healthy Livestock
• Start with healthy animals
• Biosecurity
• Keep animals healthy
• Biosecurity
• Animal health programs
• Teach excellent animal husbandry/care
• Production animal welfare
Some References
• Swine Care Handbook
• National Pork Board
• Addresses all criteria
• Space, feed, water, environment
• On Farm Euthanasia
• National Pork Board
• Consult DVM
Pork Quality Programs
NPB Programs
• Pork Quality Assurance (PQA)
• Critical Control Points (CCP)
• Ten criteria
• Levels I, II, III
• Swine Welfare Assurance program (SWAP)
• On farm evaluation and education by trained professionals with swine
experience
• Audits later
• Third party ??