Transcript Effective Herd Health Programs

GPP 2 - Establish Veterinary
Client Relationship &
GPP 3 - Follow Healthy
Production Practices &
GPP - 6 Maintain Biosecurity
S Peder Cuneo
U of Az Extension Veterinarian
Start With a Healthy Animal
• The First Step in Biosecurity
• The Most Important Step in
Development of an effective vaccination
program/herd health
• Reduces (Eliminates) need for Treatment
and residue worrries
• Get Best Response to Feeding Program
Vaccination, Introduction to
Animal Health Program
• Proper nutrition
– Protein and trace minerals in young growing
animals
• Low stress conditions
– Stress hormones reduce immune system
• Functioning immune system
Vaccine tools for the immune system
• Killed Vaccines and
Toxoids
• Modified Live
• Chemically Altered
Killed Vaccines/Toxoids/Chemically
Altered
• Wide variety of Dz
protection
• No risk of reverting to
“wild strain”
• No risk of spread between
animals
• Little risk of abortion
• More stable in storage
• No on farm mixing required
• Good stimulant for
colostrum
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More likely to cause
allergic reaction/lumps
Boosters usually required
Slower onset of immunity
May not stimulate as
strong or long lasting
immunity
Narrower spectrum of
protection vs. MLV
Blocking by maternal
antibodies problem for
young stock
Cost is often higher
Modified Live
• One dose can provide
protection
• More rapid protection
• Wider spectrum of
protection vs. Killed
• Less likely to cause
allergic reaction/lumps
• Not as susceptible to
passive antibody block
• Cost usually less vs.
Killed
• Possible reversion to
virulent forms
• Disease problems in
immune stressed animals
• Possible excessive
immune response
• Risk of abortion/infertility
• Handling and mixing
Vaccine Handling
• Follow label
– Storage especially refrigeration
• FOLLOW LABELS
– PREGANCY STATUS, AGE, BOOSTER
• Expiration date
• Refrigeration after mixing
• MLV short life after mixing/temperature
effect
Vaccination Procedures
• FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS
– Route of injection and location
• Tent skin for SubQ
• Needle length
– IM 1-1.5 inch 16 or 18 gauge
– SubQ 3/4 inch or 1 inch 16-18 gauge
• Spread out injection sites
• Change needles every 10-20 head
Vaccination Procedures
Part II
• Make sure hide/skin is clean/free of mud
and manure
• DO NOT USE SKIN DISINFECTANT OR
DIP NEEDLE IN DISINFECTANT WHEN
USING A MLV VACCINE
• DO NOT MIX VACCINES
• FOLLOW QA GUIDELINES ON
INJECTION SITES
Vaccine Labeling
• Label Claims Reflect Differing Levels of
Assurance of Performance
• Label Claims are Negotiated Between
USDA & Manufacturer
• USDA Provides Independent Assurance
that Label Claims can be Substantiated
Labels Imply Different
Outcomes
• Available Options
• a) “To Prevent Infection. . .”
• b) “To Prevent Disease. . .”
• c) “As an Aid in the Prevention of Disease. . .”
Option c) in labeling
"As an aid in the prevention of disease due to..."
or "for the reduction of.."
Is used for products that produce a significant
effect in achieving the claim
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Mild disease
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Multi-agent disease "syndromes"
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Severe challenge can overwhelm
protective effect
VACCINE FAILURE
• FAILURE TO RESPOND
• INSUFFICIENT
RESISTANCE
• BLOCKING
MATERNAL
ANTIBODIES
• LAG TIME
• FAILURE TO BOOST
• HANDLING
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Acute Reactions
Persistent Infection
Chronic Reactions
Suppression of
Performance
Infectious, Contagious
“Vaccines”
Vaccinal Lesions at
Slaughter
Drug use and label guidelines
• OTC (Over The Counter)
• Purchased and used by producer without input
from veterinarian
• Product must have directions that are clear
enough for safe and effective use by producer
• Owner is responsible for any residues
• ALL LABEL DIRECTIONS MUST BE
FOLLOWED EXACTLY
Label guidelines II
• Legend drugs
• Drugs determined by FDA to require veterinary
“supervision” for safe and effective use
• Name and address of dispensing veterinarian
must be on container
• ALL DISPENSING DIRECTIONS MUST
BE FOLLOWED EXACTLY
Label guidelines III
• Extralabel Drug Use (ELUD)
• The use of any OTC or label (prescription)
drug in any manner not specified on the label
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Use in different species
Use in different class of animal
Dose used
Route of administration
Disease condition not indicated on label
ELDU
• Title 21 CFR new Part 530
– Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act
of 1994
• ELDU outside of AMDUCA is a violation
of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
• Enforcement of ELDU is under the control
of Federal Food and Drug Administration
Requirements for ELDU
• Valid veterinary-client-patient relationship
– Vet responsible for clinical judgment
• Lack of labeled therapeutic alternative
– None on market
– Available drugs ineffective at labeled dose
• Complete records
• Withdrawal times
Limitations of ELDU
• Must have VALID vet/client/patient
relationship
• Feed additives can NEVER be used under
ELDU, only to treat disease
• There are Prohibited drugs that can Never
be used
FDA Sec 530.41 Prohibited
Drugs
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Chloramphenicol
Clenbuterol
Diethylstilbestrol
Dimetridazole
Ipronidazole
Other nitroimidazoles
Furazlidone
• Nitrofurazone
• Sulfonamide drugs in
lactating diary cattle
(three specific
exceptions)
• Fluoroquinolones
• Glycopeptides
Classification of Antibiotic Use
• Therapeutic
– Application of a specific drug to treat a specific
health problem
• Sub therapeutic
– Low level of antibiotics fed to stimulate growth
and improve feed conversion
– Average amount fed is less than 2 oz/ton feed
David’s Top 10 Reasons Why
Beef Residues Happen
• Not following label
directions
• No records
• Misidentification
• Excess volume
injection
• Chronic with
depressed liver/kidney
function
• Treated before
purchase
• Unaware of
withdrawal times
• Feed/water
contamination
– Antibiotics/chemical
residues
• They won’t test
Biosecurity
“Is the outcome of all activities
undertaken by an entity to preclude
the introduction of disease agents into
an area that one is trying to protect”
David Dargatz, Vet Clinics North
American vol 18:1 pg 1
Biosecurity and Technology
• Vaccinology
• Therapeutic Drugs
• Diagnostic Testing
Biosecurity What To Avoid
• Reliance on vaccination
• Reliance on therapy
• Attempting to overcome genetic/inherited
problems
• Making assumptions about animals status
that can be tested but are not “I assumed”
Biosecurity
Basics for Livestock Activities
… can you say
“A-RITS”
THE “A’ FROM A-RITS
• Risk Assessment
– Evaluate … decide level appropriate
• Risk Management
– Resistance, Exposure, Transmission
• Risk Documentation
– Record … Review recordings
– Surveillance testing
Risk Areas
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Procurement
Feed/Water
Wildlife, Arthropods, Insects
Caretakers, Service,Visitors
Equipment
Wind-delivered
Biosecurity The “RITS”
• Resistance, Isolation, Traffic Control, & Sanitation.
– Maximize resistance
• (General  Specific)
– Isolate from outside and within
– Control exposure & potential spread
– Clean, Clean & Clean
Healthy Livestock
• Start with healthy animals
– Biosecurity
• Keep animals healthy
– Biosecurity
– Animal health programs
• Teach excellent animal husbandry/care
– Production animal welfare
HAPPY TRAILS!!