Transcript Disease Reduction and Control

Disease Reduction
and Control
New Hope Veterinary Clinic
February, 2008
Biosecurity
Management practices that
decrease the chance of bringing an
infectious disease onto your farm
Biosecurity
Potential Biosecurity
“Breaches”
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Cattle from other premises
Feedstuffs
Vehicles
People
Water
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Biocontainment
• Management practices that slow
the spread of infectious disease
on your farm
Biocontainment
Potential Biocontainment
“Breaches”
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Facilities design
Lack of isolation area
Feeding waste milk
Feeding colostrum from untested
cows
Newborn calves mixed with older
calves/cows
Feeding leftover feed
Hospital pens = Maternity pens
Feed and water
Manure
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Why Are Biosecurity & Biocontainment
Important?
• Protect animal health
• Protect your investment
• Protect our food supply
and human health
– Zoonotic diseases: E coli,
Salmonella,
Cryptosporidium,
Brucellosis, Tuberculosis,
Johne’s/Crohn’s Disease?
Why Are Biosecurity & Biocontainment
Important in 2008?
• Consider media and “popular” diseases in the
news
– Foot and Mouth Disease
– Mad Cow Disease (BSE)
– Tuberculosis
– Avian Influenza
• We live in a world economy
– More animal movement
– Foreign market expectations/requirement
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What is a closed herd?
• Never buy/board animals
• Animals that leave herd do not return
• No shared pasture fence lines with neighbor
pasture/livestock
• Cattle not transported by third party
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Low Risk Level
• True closed herd
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Never buy/board animals
Animals that leave herd do not return
No shared pasture fence lines with neighbor pasture/livestock
Cattle not transported by third party
• No animals ever introduced, no animals leaving farm
ever return
• Some diseases are still present (carrier animals,
opportunistic germs, etc.)
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Moderate Risk Level
• “Closed” herd, but…
• Potential for purchases from well-known
source
• Show cattle in herd leave and return
• Plan for potential diseases
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High Risk Level
• Regular purchases of livestock of any age
• Purchase from unknown sources (auctions,
sale barn)
• Potential for any and all diseases to enter herd
(contagious mastitis, pneumonia, hairy warts,
abortions, pinkeye, scours)
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New Hope Veterinary Clinic
Johne’s Testing Results 2005
Placement of Dairy Herds by
Level of Certification
or Risk Management
D(>15%)
22%
1(neg)
6%
A(neg)
17%
B(<5%)
17%
C(5-15%)
38%
1(neg)
A(neg)
B(<5%)
C(5-15%)
D(>15%)
Biosecurity Basics
• Control human access
– Parking/vehicles – limited, clean
– Signs limiting access
– Protective clothing/boots
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Control animal contact with other animals
Quarantine new animals
Test new animals
Vaccinate new animals
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Reducing Risk / Preventing
Introduction of Diseases
• Know source of cattle
– Non-infected or known health status
– Effective vaccination program
– Not mixed with other animals before sale
• Purchase open heifers
• Decrease contact with other animals (deer,
dogs)
• Know transport
– Use your own vehicle if possible – cleaned before
and after
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Reducing Risk / Preventing
Introduction of Diseases - Introducing
New Animals
• 30 day quarantine (feed, water, grooming)
– 2007 – 20% of U.S. herds quarantined new additions
• Vaccinations during quarantine period
– 2007 – 50% of U.S. herds required vaccination of new
additions
• Test new animals prior to commingling with herd
– 2007 - 25% of U.S. herds required testing of new additions
• Foot bath
• Milking hygiene (proper teat dipping, milk new
additions last)
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What Can New Cattle Bring In?
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BVD
Johne’s Disease (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis)
Lepto Hardjo
BLV (Bovine Leukosis)
Hairy Heel Warts
Contagious mastitis (Staph aureus, Strep ag, Mycoplasma)
Salmonella
Tuberculosis
Brucellosis
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What diseases can we test
for in new additions?
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BVD – blood test, ear notch
Johne’s – blood test, fecal culture
Lepto hardjo – no test
BLV – blood test
Hairy heel wart – no test, observation
Contagious mastitis – culture animal or have bulk tank culture
of purchased herd
• Salmonella – culture???
• Tuberculosis – skin test
• Brucellosis – blood test
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Decreasing Herd Exposure
(Biocontainment)
• Isolate sick and diseased cattle with “unusual” signs
• Necropsy unexpected deaths
• Avoid calf exposure to older cattle
– Unweaned calves are the most susceptible animals to
illness on farms
• Disinfect as possible (especially calf hutches, etc)
• Decrease manure contamination
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Improving Resistance in the Herd
(Biosecurity & Biocontainment)
• Decrease environmental stresses
– CLEAN, DRY, COMFORTABLE
• Proper/adequate nutrition
• Proper/timely Colostrum
• Strategic vaccination program based on risk
and potential exposure as well as history of
problems in herd .